obsolete gigantism

Gigantism: A Rare Condition Characterized by Excessive Growth

Gigantism, also known as giantism, was a rare condition characterized by excessive growth and height significantly above average. This condition was caused by the over-production of growth hormone in childhood, leading to an abnormal increase in body size.

• Definition: Gigantism is a medical condition where individuals experience excessive growth and height significantly above average.
• Causes: The primary cause of gigantism is the over-production of growth hormone in childhood.
• Symptoms: Individuals with gigantism may exhibit symptoms such as:
  • Excessive linear growth
  • Increased body size
  • Abnormal facial features
  • Joint and skeletal abnormalities

Historical Context

Gigantism has been a subject of fascination throughout history. The first medical description of the condition was published by Johannes Wier in 1567. However, it was Pierre Marie who established the term "acromegaly" for the first time in 1886, distinguishing it from gigantism.

• Early descriptions: Early accounts of acromegaly and gigantism appeared since the 18th century in medical reports and patient notes.
• Medical interest: Medical professionals have long been interested in understanding the nature of excessive stature in individuals with gigantism.

Evolution and Maintenance

The general conditions for the evolution and maintenance of gigantism remain obscure. However, it is believed that gigantism can be an ecologically important trait associated with competitive superiority.

• Ecological importance: Gigantism may provide a competitive advantage in certain environments.
• Obscurity: The general conditions for the evolution and maintenance of gigantism are not well understood.

References

[1] - [15]

Early Signs and Symptoms of Obsolete Gigantism

Obese gigantism, also known as familial infantile gigantism, is a rare condition characterized by excessive growth and height significantly above average in infants. The early signs and symptoms of this condition can be subtle but are essential to identify for prompt intervention.

• Excessive Growth: One of the most noticeable signs of obese gigantism is rapid growth and height above the normal range for their age [10].
• Physical Characteristics: Infants with obese gigantism may exhibit physical characteristics such as a large head, prominent forehead, and facial features that are disproportionately large compared to their body size [11].
• Developmental Delays: Obese gigantism can also lead to developmental delays, including delayed speech and motor skills development [12].

Clinical Signs and Symptoms

In addition to the above-mentioned signs and symptoms, obese gigantism can also manifest in various ways, including:

• Abdominal Cramps
• Flatulence
• Diarrhea
• Gall Bladder Stones and Sludge
• Alopecia [12]

It is essential for parents and healthcare professionals to be aware of these early signs and symptoms to identify and intervene early. Prompt diagnosis and treatment can prevent or reduce the adverse effects of obese gigantism.

References: [10] - Gigantism also known as giantism, is a condition characterized by excessive growth and height significantly above average. [11] - Clinical Signs and Symptoms · Classifications · Genes ... OBSOLETE: X-linked acrogigantism due to a point mutation ... OBSOLETE: Familial infantile gigantism due to ... [12] - by S Sivakoti · 2021 — to-severe signs and symptoms of GH excess and without local mass effects)

Diagnostic Tests for Obsolete Gigantism

Gigantism, also known as pituitary gigantism, is a rare disorder caused by excessive growth hormone (GH) production before the fusion of the long bone epiphysis. While it's considered an obsolete condition due to advancements in medical science and treatment options, understanding its diagnostic tests can provide valuable insights into the past.

Blood Tests

• Growth Hormone (GH) Blood Test: This test measures the level of GH in the blood. Elevated levels may indicate gigantism.
• IGF-1 (Insulin-like Growth Factor 1) Blood Test: IGF-1 is a hormone produced by the liver in response to GH. An elevated IGF-1 level can confirm the diagnosis of gigantism.

Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT)

• This test involves drinking a glucose solution and measuring the blood GH levels. A normal response would be a decrease in GH levels below 1 ng/ml, while an abnormal response may indicate gigantism.

Imaging Studies

• Computed Tomography (CT) Scan: CT scans can help visualize the pituitary gland and detect any abnormalities.
• Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI): MRI is a more sensitive imaging technique that can provide detailed images of the pituitary gland and surrounding tissues.

Other Diagnostic Tests

• Electrocardiography (ECG) and Echocardiography: These tests are used to detect heart disease, which may be associated with gigantism.
• Fasting Plasma Glucose Levels and Glycosylated Hb (HbA1C): These tests can help diagnose diabetes, a potential complication of gigantism.

Please note that these diagnostic tests are no longer commonly used in modern medicine due to advancements in treatment options and the availability of more accurate and sensitive tests. However, understanding their historical significance can provide valuable context for medical professionals and researchers.

References:

• [10] - Growth hormone and IGF-1 blood tests
• [12] - Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT)
• [9] - Imaging studies using CT and MRI
• [15] - Other diagnostic tests for complications associated with gigantism

Treatment Options for Obsolete Gigantism

While surgery remains the most common treatment option for gigantism, drug therapy can also be effective in controlling elevated levels of growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor (IGF-I). The goal of drug treatment is to normalize GH and IGF-I levels to stop excessive growth and prevent further complications.

Somatostatin Analogs

• Somatostatin analogs, such as octreotide and lanreotide, are widely used in the treatment of gigantism. These drugs curb the release of GH and may also reduce the size of the pituitary tumor.
• Studies have shown that these drugs are safe and effective for long-term treatment, with a response rate of 50-60% [3][4].

Pegvisomant

• Pegvisomant is a drug that blocks the action of GH at the level of GH receptors in various parts of the body, thereby lowering IGF-I levels.
• It must be administered daily by injection and has been shown to be effective in normalizing GH and IGF-I levels [5].

Dopamine Agonists

• Dopamine agonists, such as cabergoline and bromocriptine, are also used in the treatment of gigantism. These medications mimic another hormone called dopamine, which can help reduce the production of growth hormone.
• While these drugs may not be effective for everyone, they