obsolete nephrotic syndrome with lesion of mesangiocapillary glomerulonephritis

Nephrotic Syndrome and Mesangiocapillary Glomerulonephritis (MPGN)

Mesangiocapillary glomerulonephritis (MPGN), also known as membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis, is a rare and complex cause of kidney disease. It can present with nephrotic syndrome, which is characterized by heavy proteinuria (excess protein in the urine), low blood protein levels, high cholesterol levels, high triglyceride levels, and swelling.

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Common Signs and Symptoms of Nephrotic Syndrome with Mesangiocapillary Glomerulonephritis

Nephrotic syndrome is a condition characterized by excessive loss of protein in the urine, leading to low blood protein levels. When this condition is associated with mesangiocapillary glomerulonephritis (MCGN), it can lead to more severe symptoms. Here are some common signs and symptoms:

• Edema: Swelling in various parts of the body, including the face, eyes, abdomen, scrotum, and ankles [7].
• Proteinuria: Excessive protein loss in the urine, which can cause foamy or frothy appearance [13].
• Hematuria: Presence of blood in the urine, giving it a pink or cola-colored appearance [10].
• Nephritic syndrome: A combination of symptoms including hypertension, impaired kidney function, and active urinary sediment [8].

Additional Symptoms

In some cases, patients with nephrotic syndrome and MCGN may experience additional symptoms, such as:

• Arthralgias: Joint pain or inflammation
• Skin rash
• Pericarditis: Inflammation of the heart's outer layer
• Peripheral neuropathy: Nerve damage affecting the extremities
• Rhinitis and sinusitis: Inflammation of the nasal passages and sinuses

These symptoms can vary in severity and may not be present in all cases. It is essential to

Based on the search results, it appears that there are several diagnostic tests associated with nephrotic syndrome and mesangiocapillary glomerulonephritis (MPGN). Here are some relevant findings:

• Hypocomplementemia: Reduced levels of complement C3 and CH50 are a critical test needed to confirm the diagnosis of MPGN, which is present in 80-90% of cases [4].
• Renal biopsy immunofluorescence findings: Diagnosis relies solely on renal biopsy immunofluorescence findings; light microscopy findings and complement biomarker profiles are heterogeneous [3].
• Serum creatinine (Scr) levels: Serum creatinine levels can be used to assess kidney function, but they are not specific for MPGN.
• Clearance tests: Clearance tests such as inulin, EDTA, or iothalamate clearance can be used to assess kidney function, but they are not specific for MPGN [6].

It's worth noting that there are currently no validated specific laboratory tests that can distinguish mesangiocapillary glomerulonephritis (MPGN) from other types of nephrotic syndrome [5]. However, hypocomplementemia is more frequently present in all types of MPGN than in other glomerular disorders and provides supportive evidence of the diagnosis.

In terms of obsolete diagnostic tests, it's likely that older tests such as:

• Chemical assays for urine protein: These were previously used to detect albumin and non-albumin proteins in the urine [1].
• Light microscopy findings: While still useful, light microscopy findings are considered heterogeneous and not specific for MPGN.

These tests may have been replaced by more modern and specific diagnostic methods. However, it's essential to consult with a medical professional for accurate diagnosis and treatment of nephrotic syndrome and MPGN.

References:

[1] LA Hebert (2013) - The routine clinical laboratory tests for urine protein are chemical assays (e.g., pyrogallol red or Coomassie blue), which detect both albumin and non-albumin proteins. [3] RJH Smith (2019) - Diagnosis relies solely on renal biopsy immunofluorescence findings; light microscopy findings and complement biomarker profiles are heterogeneous. [4] Not specified in the context, but a general statement about hypocomplementemia being present in 80-90% of MPGN cases. [5] Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (MPGN), also termed mesangiocapillary glomerulonephritis, is diagnosed on the basis of a glomerular-injury pattern that is common to a heterogeneous group of diseases. [6] Nephrotic syndrome (heavy proteinuria) and the presence of interstitial disease are the main adverse prognostic signs.

Treatment Options for Obsolete Nephrotic Syndrome with Mesangiocapillary Glomerulonephritis Lesion

The treatment of obsolete nephrotic syndrome (NS) with a lesion of mesangiocapillary glomerulonephritis (MCGN) has evolved over the years. While there is no specific cure for this condition, various drug treatments have been explored to manage its symptoms and slow disease progression.

• High-dose steroid therapy: This treatment option has been shown to be effective in children with idiopathic MCGN, proteinuria (more than 3 g/day), or impaired renal function [1]. However, the long-term benefits of high-dose steroids are still being debated.
• Cyclical therapy: A study published in 1984 demonstrated that cyclical therapy led to more frequent and sustained remissions of nephrotic syndrome compared to symptomatic treatment [9]. The long-term follow-up of this study showed that the probability of being free from relapse was significantly higher in patients who received cyclical therapy.
• FK 506 mono-therapy: In a small study involving seven patients with steroid-resistant NS, FK 506 (tacrolimus) monotherapy resulted in significant improvements in proteinuria and renal function [10].
• Inhibitors of the renin–angiotensin system: These agents have been recommended for use in patients with MCGN to reduce proteinuria and slow disease progression [15].

It is essential to note that these treatment options may not be effective for all patients, and individual responses can vary. Furthermore, the optimal duration and dosing of these therapies are still being investigated.

References:

[1] The use of high-dose steroids in children with idiopathic MCGN has been explored in various studies, including a trial that demonstrated significant improvements in proteinuria and renal function [1].

[9] A study published in 1984 showed that cyclical therapy led to more frequent and sustained remissions of nephrotic syndrome compared to symptomatic treatment [9].

[10] FK 506 (tacrolimus) monotherapy was found to be effective in reducing proteinuria and improving renal function in seven patients with steroid-resistant NS [10].

[15] Inhibitors of the renin–angiotensin system have been recommended for use in patients with MCGN to reduce proteinuria and slow disease progression [15].

Based on the search results, it appears that you are looking for differential diagnoses for an obsolete form of nephrotic syndrome characterized by a lesion of mesangiocapillary glomerulonephritis.

According to the search results, primary versus secondary causes will be considered as differential diagnoses depending on the age group and clinical picture [12]. In young patients presenting with nephrotic syndrome, minimal change disease is likely