obsolete leukemic reticuloendotheliosis of intra-abdominal lymph nodes

Common Signs and Symptoms

The signs and symptoms of leukemic reticuloendotheliosis, also known as hairy cell leukemia (HCL), can vary from person to person. However, some common findings include:

• Pancytopenia and Monocytopenia: A decrease in the number of red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets in the blood [2].
• Splenomegaly: Enlargement of the spleen, which can be massive in some cases [2].
• Fatigue and Infection: Patients often experience fatigue and are more susceptible to infections due to their weakened immune system [2].

Additional Symptoms

Other symptoms that may occur include:

• Generalized Cutaneous Petechiae: Small red spots on the skin
• Lymphadenopathy: Enlargement of lymph nodes, which can be felt in various parts of the body
• Splenomegaly and Hepatosplenomegaly: Enlargement of both the spleen and liver

Leukemic Cells

The leukemic cells involved in HCL are characterized by their infiltration into the paracortex and medulla of lymph nodes, giving them a "hairy" appearance [5]. This can lead to partial effacement of the lymph node architecture.

References

• [1] T Robak (2024) - The typical clinical presentation of classic HCL involves pancytopenia, monocytopenia, splenomegaly, constitutional symptoms and increased risk of infection.
• [2] Aug 27, 2024 - Pancytopenia and monocytopenia are common findings. Often reported symptoms are fatigue and infection. Splenomegaly: massive splenomegaly that can be felt in the abdomen.
• [5] Involved lymph nodes commonly exhibit partial effacement, with hairy cells infiltrating the paracortex and medulla in a leukemic pattern. The leukemic cells have a characteristic "hairy" appearance.

Note: Leukemic reticuloendotheliosis is an obsolete term for hairy cell leukemia (HCL).

Based on the search results, it appears that diagnostic tests for leukemic reticuloendotheliosis (LRE) of intra-abdominal lymph nodes have evolved over time. Here are some diagnostic tests mentioned in the search results:

• Blood smears: Blood smears were prepared and stained for various enzymes and substances to diagnose LRE (Search Result 1).
• Complete blood count with differential: A complete blood count with differential was used to examine peripheral blood and diagnose lymphomas, including LRE (Search Result 2).
• Lymphangiography: Lymphangiography was used to visualize abnormal abdominal lymph nodes in patients with LRE (Search Result 5).
• Intra-venous pyelography and cystoureteroscopy: These imaging tests were used to examine the urinary tract and diagnose LRE (Search Result 5).
• Flow cytometry immunophenotyping: Flow cytometry was helpful for diagnosing hairy cell leukemia, which is a type of LRE (Search Result 9).
• Abdominal CT scan: An abdominal CT scan can provide detailed images of the abdominal area, including lymph nodes, and is used to diagnose various conditions, including infections and inflammation (Search Result 12).

It's worth noting that some of these diagnostic tests may be considered obsolete or less commonly used today. However, they were mentioned in the search results as having been used in the past to diagnose LRE.

References:

• Search Result 1: Blood smears were prepared and stained for alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase, nonspecific esterase, periodic acid Schiff, toluidine blue, and iron.
• Search Result 2: Complete blood count with differential was used to examine peripheral blood and diagnose lymphomas.
• Search Result 5: Lymphangiography and intra-venous pyelography were used to visualize abnormal abdominal lymph nodes and the urinary tract.
• Search Result 9: Flow cytometry immunophenotyping was helpful for diagnosing hairy cell leukemia.
• Search Result 12: An abdominal CT scan can provide detailed images of the abdominal area, including lymph nodes.

Treatment Options for Leukemic Reticuloendotheliosis

Leukemic reticuloendotheliosis, also known as hairy cell leukemia (HCL), is a rare and chronic form of leukemia that affects the spleen, liver, and bone marrow. While it was previously considered an obsolete disease, recent advances in medical research have led to the development of effective treatment options.

Historical Context

In 1958, Bouroncle et al described a series of patients with leukemic reticuloendotheliosis, establishing that this condition represented a distinct hematologic malignancy [1]. However, it was not until later that specific treatments were developed for this disease.

Current Treatment Options

Today, the treatment of leukemic reticuloendotheliosis typically involves the use of chemotherapeutic

The differential diagnosis of leukemic reticuloendotheliosis of intra-abdominal lymph nodes involves considering other conditions that may present with similar symptoms and findings.

According to the literature, the differential diagnosis includes:

• Splenic B cell lymphoma/leukemia with prominent splenomegaly [6]
• Lymphomas, such as lymphosarcoma or equivalent descriptions [13]
• Infectious disorders, granulomatous diseases, and other conditions that may cause enlarged lymph nodes [9]

It's also worth noting that the diagnosis of leukemic reticuloendotheliosis is often based on a combination of clinical, hematologic, and pathologic findings, including:

• Histopathologic correlation of various forms of leukemia [11]
• Study of cases with marked generalized involvement of spleen, liver, lymph nodes, bone marrow, and peripheral blood [12]

In terms of specific ICD-10 codes, the code for Hairy cell leukemia not having achieved remission is C91.40 [7].

It's essential to consider these differential diagnoses when evaluating patients with symptoms and findings suggestive of leukemic reticuloendotheliosis.

References:

[6] Aug 27, 2024 — Flow cytometry and molecular studies support the diagnosis. Differential diagnosis. Splenic B cell lymphoma / leukemia with prominent ...

[9] Jan 11, 2023 — The differential diagnosis of enlarged lymph nodes also includes infectious disorders, granulomatous diseases, and lymphomas. Otorrhea must ...

[11] The clinical, hematologic, and pathologic findings in 26 cases of leukemic reticuloendotheliosis are presented. A histopathologic correlation of the various forms of leukemia is suggested.

[12] This case illustrates a leukemic reticuloendotheliosis with marked generalized involvement of spleen, liver, lymph nodes, bone marrow and peripheral blood, with a rapidly progressive course and a clinical picture quite similar to that of the other types of acute leukemias.