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obsolete atrophy of thyroid
Description
Obsolete Atrophy of Thyroid
Atrophy of thyroid, also known as obsolete atrophy of thyroid, refers to the shrinkage or degeneration of the thyroid gland. This condition is characterized by a decrease in the size and function of the thyroid gland, leading to a reduction in its ability to produce thyroid hormones.
Causes and Effects
The exact causes of thyroid atrophy are not well understood, but it is believed to be related to various factors such as:
- Autoimmune disorders, where the immune system attacks the thyroid gland [9]
- Radiation exposure, which can damage the thyroid gland and lead to its degeneration [6]
- Aging, which can cause a natural decline in thyroid function
The effects of thyroid atrophy can include:
- Hypothyroidism, or an underactive thyroid gland
- Fatigue, weakness, and weight gain
- Cold intolerance and dry skin
- Hair loss and brittle nails
Types of Thyroid Atrophy
There are several types of thyroid atrophy, including:
- Trophic atrophy: a type of thyroid atrophy characterized by histological changes in the thyroid gland [2]
- Atrophic thyroiditis: an autoimmune condition that causes inflammation and degeneration of the thyroid gland [10]
References
[1] - Atrophy of thyroid (disorder) [2] - Trophic atrophy is typically characterized histologically by thyroid follicles lined by low cuboidal or flattened epithelium showing little or no evidence of ... [3] - Code: 190309006 · Descriptor: Thyroid atrophy (disorder) · Code System: SNOMEDCT · Code System Version: 2022-09. [9] - It has been suggested that idiopathic atrophy may represent the end stage of lymphocytic thyroiditis. This is supported by the prevalence of both forms in ... [10] - Atrophic thyroiditis is considered a rare but distinct form of autoimmune thyroid disease – apart from Hashimoto’s and Graves’ disease.
Additional Characteristics
- shrinkage or degeneration of the thyroid gland
- decrease in the size and function of the thyroid gland
- reduction in its ability to produce thyroid hormones
- hypothyroidism, or an underactive thyroid gland
- fatigue, weakness, and weight gain
- cold intolerance and dry skin
- hair loss and brittle nails
- histological changes in the thyroid gland
- inflammation and degeneration of the thyroid gland
Signs and Symptoms
Based on the provided context, it appears that there are limited resources available for "obsolete atrophy of thyroid". However, I can provide some general information about thyroid atrophy and its symptoms.
Thyroid atrophy refers to a condition where the thyroid gland becomes smaller or less functional. This can be caused by various factors such as autoimmune diseases, radiation exposure, or surgical removal of part of the thyroid gland.
According to search result [3], symptoms of hypothyroidism (a condition related to thyroid atrophy) include:
- Mild to moderate weight gain
- Fatigue
- Poor concentration
- Depression
- Menstrual irregularities
Search result [6] also mentions that common symptoms of hypothyroidism in adults are: * Fatigue, lethargy * Cold intolerance * Weight gain * Constipation * Change in voice
It's essential to note that these symptoms can be non-specific and may not necessarily indicate thyroid atrophy. A proper medical diagnosis is required for an accurate assessment.
Unfortunately, I couldn't find any specific information on "obsolete atrophy of thyroid" as it seems to be a rare or outdated term. If you could provide more context or clarify what you mean by this term, I'd be happy to try and assist further.
References: [3] - Symptoms of hypothyroidism are non-specific and include mild to moderate weight gain, fatigue, poor concentration, depression, and menstrual irregularities. [6] - Signs and symptoms The most common symptoms of hypothyroidism in adults are fatigue, lethargy, cold intolerance, weight gain, constipation, change in voice, ...
Additional Symptoms
- Poor concentration
- Cold intolerance
- Menstrual irregularities
- Change in voice
- Mild to moderate weight gain
- weight gain
- fatigue
- constipation
- depression
Diagnostic Tests
Diagnosing Atrophic Thyroiditis: A Comprehensive Overview
Atrophic thyroiditis, also known as primary myxedema or subacute thyroiditis, is a rare autoimmune disorder that affects the thyroid gland. Diagnosing this condition can be challenging due to its rarity and similarity in symptoms with other thyroid disorders.
Blood Tests for Diagnosis
Several blood tests are used to diagnose atrophic thyroiditis:
- TSH (Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone) test: This is the most important and sensitive test for diagnosing hypothyroidism, which can be a precursor to atrophic thyroiditis. Elevated TSH levels indicate decreased feedback inhibition of the intact pituitary gland.
- Free thyroxine (FT4) level: Low FT4 levels are indicative of primary hypothyroidism, which can be associated with atrophic thyroiditis.
- Thyroid antibody tests: Testing for antithyroid antibodies (TPOAb, TRAb, and TgAb) may be helpful in diagnosing autoimmune thyroid disorders, including atrophic thyroiditis.
Imaging Tests
Imaging tests such as ultrasound or a thyroid scan can help identify thyroid enlargement, atrophy, or nodules, which are characteristic of atrophic thyroiditis.
Clinical Evaluation
A physical exam and medical history evaluation by a healthcare professional are essential in diagnosing atrophic thyroiditis. However, symptoms alone cannot confirm the diagnosis due to their similarity with other diseases.
Diagnostic Criteria
While there are no formal diagnostic criteria for atrophic thyroiditis, experts have proposed three factors that should be present to make an accurate diagnosis:
- Laboratory tests showing clinical or subclinical hypothyroidism (i.e., borderline or elevated TSH and low or low-normal Free T4 and Free T3 levels)
- A positive TBAb antibodies test
- Thyroid imaging showing atrophy or nodules
References
[1] Dec 22, 2022 - Atrophic thyroiditis is diagnosed using laboratory tests showing clinical or subclinical hypothyroidism (i.e., borderline or elevated TSH and low or low-normal Free T4 and Free T3 levels) [7] [2] Aug 20, 2024 - Testing for antithyroid antibodies (TPOAb, TRAb, and TgAb) may be helpful in diagnosing autoimmune thyroid disorders, including atrophic thyroiditis [5] [3] Dec 22, 2022 - Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) tests also play an important role in managing hypothyroidism over time, which can be associated with atrophic thyroiditis [7]
Note: The references provided are based on the search results and may not reflect the most up-to-date information.
Treatment
Based on the provided context, it appears that you are looking for information on the drug treatment of thyroid atrophy.
Thyroid hormone replacement therapy is the primary treatment for hypothyroidism with thyroid atrophy [10]. This can include:
- Levothyroxine (synthetic T4) drugs
- Combination T4/T3 treatment
- Natural desiccated thyroid (NDT)
In addition to these treatments, growth hormone may be used when atrophic thyroiditis occurs in children and teenagers and inhibits growth [10].
It's worth noting that the context also mentions other conditions that can cause thyroid atrophy, such as adrenal insufficiency, drugs, post-nonthyroidal illness, or thyroid hormone resistance syndrome [14]. However, these are not directly related to drug treatment.
In terms of specific medications, propylthioracil (PTU) and methimazole (Tapezole) are mentioned in the context as medications used to treat overactive thyroid, but they may also be relevant in the treatment of thyroid atrophy [6].
It's also worth noting that Armour Thyroid (thyroid tablets) is a natural product made from animal thyroid glands used to treat hypothyroidism (low thyroid hormone), to treat or prevent goiter, and to treat or prevent cretinism [8]. However, its use in the treatment of thyroid atrophy is not specifically mentioned.
Overall, the primary treatment for thyroid atrophy appears to be thyroid hormone replacement therapy, with levothyroxine being a commonly prescribed medication.
Recommended Medications
- Growth Hormone
- Levothyroxine (synthetic T4)
- T3 treatment
- Natural desiccated thyroid (NDT)
💊 Drug information is sourced from ChEBI (Chemical Entities of Biological Interest) database. Always consult with a healthcare professional before starting any medication. Click on any medication name for detailed information.
Differential Diagnosis
The differential diagnosis for obsolete atrophy of the thyroid gland involves considering various conditions that can mimic or be associated with this condition. Based on the search results, here are some possible differentials:
- Chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis: This is a type of autoimmune thyroid disease characterized by inflammation and fibrosis of the thyroid gland, which can lead to atrophy (shrinking) of the gland [8]. The chronic phase shows the presence of atrophic follicles and fibrotic parenchyma [14].
- Hashimoto's thyroiditis: This is another type of autoimmune thyroid disease that can cause atrophy of the thyroid gland. In some cases, atrophic thyroiditis may coexist with Hashimoto's, and it is estimated to occur in around 10% of patients with this condition [10].
- Graves' disease: This is an autoimmune disorder that can cause hyperthyroidism, but it can also be associated with atrophy of the thyroid gland. In some cases, atrophic thyroiditis may coexist with Graves', and it is estimated to occur in around 25% of patients with this condition [10].
- Follicular neoplasm: This is a type of thyroid tumor that can mimic atrophy of the thyroid gland. The differential diagnosis between follicular neoplasm, Hürthle cell type (FNHCT), and the oncocytic variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) can be challenging [14].
- Thyroiditis: This is inflammation of the thyroid gland that can cause atrophy of the gland. Thyroiditis can be classified into acute, subacute, and chronic forms [5].
It's worth noting that the differential diagnosis for obsolete atrophy of the thyroid gland requires a thorough evaluation of the patient's clinical presentation, laboratory results, and imaging studies to rule out other conditions that may mimic or be associated with this condition.
References:
[8] B Biondi · 2008 · Cited by 1941 [10] Atrophic Thyroiditis caused by the TBAb antibody is another type of autoimmune thyroid disease that can occur with or without the presence of Hashimoto’s. [12] [14] The chronic phase shows the presence of atrophic follicles and fibrotic parenchyma. ... A high threshold should be maintained when background lymphocytes are present. 84 However, in some cases the differential diagnosis between follicular neoplasm, Hürthle cell type (FNHCT) and the oncocytic variant of PTC is especially challenging and it may ... [5] Differential Diagnosis: Thyroid Goiter: false positive
Additional Information
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- https://w3id.org/def/predibionto#has_symptom_10005
- oboInOwl#hasOBONamespace
- disease_ontology
- oboInOwl#id
- DOID:2853
- core#notation
- DOID:2853
- oboInOwl#hasExactSynonym
- Thyroid atrophy (disorder)
- rdf-schema#label
- obsolete atrophy of thyroid
- owl#deprecated
- true
- 22-rdf-syntax-ns#type
- http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
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