obsolete vision disorder

Based on the provided context, it appears that there are several outdated or obsolete terms related to vision disorders.

• Lazy eye (Context #2) - This term is often used to describe amblyopia, a condition where one eye has reduced visual acuity due to disuse. However, this term is considered outdated and not recommended for use in modern medical practice.
• Conversion disorder (Context #12) - Also known as functional neurological disorder (FND), this term refers to a non-organic neurological disorder characterized by unexplained symptoms and signs that affect sensory and/or motor function. This term has been largely replaced by FND, which is now recognized in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM).
• Factitious disorder (Context #10) - Also known as Munchausen syndrome, this term refers to a psychiatric disorder where individuals fabricate or exaggerate symptoms of illness for attention. This term has been largely replaced by "factitious disorder" in modern medical practice.

These terms are no longer commonly used in modern medical practice and have been replaced by more accurate and up-to-date terminology.

References: * Context #2: Lazy eye is often called 'lazy eye' because it is typically the result of disuse. * Context #12: Conversion disorder (CD), is a non-organic neurological disorder, with a specific Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM) recognized category of psychiatric disorder. * Context #10: Functional disorders have been divided now into somatic symptom and related disorders, a heading that encompasses somatic symptom disorder, illness anxiety disorder, conversion disorder (i.e., FND), factitious disorder, as well as other specified and unspecified symptom and related disorders 1.

Based on the context, it seems like you're looking for information on outdated or obsolete vision disorders. Here are a few examples:

1. Amblyopia (Lazy Eye): While still a valid condition, amblyopia was once considered a "vision disorder" in the sense that it was thought to be caused by poor vision habits rather than a physical defect. However, modern understanding has shown that it's a neurological condition affecting the brain's ability to process visual information from one eye.
2. Strabismus (Crossed Eyes): In the past, strabismus was often considered a "vision disorder" because it was thought to be caused by poor eyesight or muscle weakness. However, modern understanding has shown that it's primarily a neurological condition affecting the brain's ability to coordinate eye movements.
3. Heterophoria (Eye Misalignment): This is an outdated term for conditions like strabismus or convergence insufficiency, where the eyes don't align properly. While still a valid condition, it's no longer considered a distinct "vision disorder."
4. Convergent Squint: An old term for esotropia, a type of strabismus where one eye turns inward.

Please note that these conditions are still relevant today and require proper diagnosis and treatment by an eye care professional. However, they are no longer considered "obsolete vision disorders" in the sense that they're not as commonly referred to or understood as they were in the past.

Based on the provided context, it appears that there are several diagnostic tests associated with various vision disorders. Here are some relevant tests mentioned:

• Refractive errors assessment and neurodegenerative disorders screening: This is a diagnostic device described in [8] that can be used to assess refractive errors and screen for neurodegenerative disorders.
• Visual-field confrontation tests: In [9], one ophthalmologist examined 138 outpatients using 7 commonly used visual-field confrontation tests. These tests are likely used to assess the field of vision.
• Amsler grid test: This is a test mentioned in [12] that can be used to test the clarity of central vision. The Amsler grid consists of a grid with dots, and patients are asked to identify any distortions or missing dots.
• Repetitive nerve stimulation (RNS): This is a test mentioned in [3] that can be used to assess muscle strength and fatigue.
• Tensilon test: This is another test mentioned in [3] that can be used to assess muscle strength and fatigue.

It's worth noting that some of these tests may not be directly related to "obsolete vision disorder", but rather are general diagnostic tools used in ophthalmology. If you could provide more context or clarify what you mean by "obsolete vision disorder", I'd be happy to try and provide a more specific answer.

Based on the provided context, it appears that there are several outdated treatments for various vision disorders.

• Pegaptanib, a drug used to treat age-related macular degeneration (AMD), has largely become obsolete due to the development of newer treatments [14].
• The use of pegaptanib and other similar drugs have been largely replaced by more effective treatments that can preserve vision in patients with AMD [14].

It's worth noting that while these treatments may be considered outdated, they were likely once considered effective for their time. However, it's always best to consult with a medical professional for the most up-to-date information on treating vision disorders.

References: [14] The eye disorder known as age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of blindness in older adults... which have largely made pegaptanib obsolete. These drugs can preserve vision ...

Based on the provided context, it appears that you are looking for information on the differential diagnosis of a specific visual disorder. However, since the context does not specify which disorder, I will provide a general overview of the differential diagnosis process for various visual disorders.

The differential diagnosis of a visual disorder involves identifying and ruling out other possible causes of the symptoms. This process typically begins with a thorough medical history and physical examination to identify any underlying conditions that may be contributing to the visual symptoms.

Some common causes of monocular vision loss, as mentioned in the context (result 4), include:

• Media opacities (cornea, anterior chamber, or lens)
• Retinal disorders
• Optic nerve damage

In addition, other medical conditions such as diabetes, central retinal vein occlusion, and radiation therapy can also cause monocular vision loss.

For binocular transient vision loss, the differential diagnosis may include:

• Migraine aura
• Visual snow syndrome (VSS)
• Acute idiopathic blind spot enlargement (AIBSE)
• Multiple evanescent white dot syndrome

It's essential to note that a careful history and physical examination are crucial in narrowing down the differential diagnosis and identifying the underlying cause of the visual symptoms.

Regarding obsolete vision disorders, it's challenging to provide specific information without knowing which disorder you are referring to. However, some outdated terms for visual disorders include:

• "Hysterical blindness" (now known as nonorganic vision loss or functional vision loss)
• "Psychogenic blindness" (also referred to as nonorganic vision loss)

These terms were previously used to describe cases where the patient's visual symptoms could not be explained by any identifiable organic pathology. However, these terms are no longer commonly used in modern medical practice.

If you could provide more information or clarify which specific disorder you are interested in learning about, I would be happy to try and assist you further.

References:

• Result 4: Common causes of monocular vision loss can arise in the media (cornea, anterior chamber, or lens), retina, or optic nerve.
• Result 7: The differential diagnosis includes diabetic retinopathy, nonischemic central retinal vein occlusion, parafoveal telangiectasis and radiation ...
• Result 11: A systematic approach with a broad differential diagnosis is crucial in order to localize and identify the etiology of visual loss. ... In this article we focus on disorders sometimes confused with neurological causes of vision loss.
• Result 12: Acute vision loss is a frightening experience for patients and has the potential for long-term consequences. The many causes of acute vision loss and the time-sensitive need for evaluation and treatment pose diagnostic and therapeutic challenges [].A careful history is key to narrowing the differential diagnosis and will allow for a more focused yet systematic physical examination.
• Result 13: Transient vision loss can imply serious underlying pathology; therefore, accurate history-taking and astute observation are paramount. This review discusses the differential diagnosis of monocular and binocular transient vision loss and the relevant localising features of each.