obsolete Nidovirales infectious disease

Obsolete Nidovirales Infectious Disease

The term "obsolete Nidovirales infectious disease" refers to a classification of viral infections that was previously used, but is no longer considered relevant or accurate. This concept has been replaced by more modern and precise categorizations.

According to search results [10], the obsolete term "Nidovirales infectious disease" was used to describe infections caused by viruses belonging to the order Nidovirales. However, this classification is now considered outdated and superseded by more specific and detailed classifications of viral diseases.

The current understanding of Nidovirales infections recognizes that these viruses can cause a range of diseases in humans and animals, including respiratory tract infections, gastrointestinal infections, and other systemic illnesses [2]. The order Nidovirales includes several families of viruses, such as Coronaviridae, Roniviridae, and Arteriviridae, each with their own distinct characteristics and disease manifestations.

In summary, the term "obsolete Nidovirales infectious disease" is a relic of outdated classification systems and should not be used to describe modern viral infections. Instead, more specific and accurate terminology should be employed to reflect our current understanding of these viruses and their associated diseases.

References:

[2] - Infections with viruses of the order nidovirales. [10] - Nidovirales infectious disease. MedGen UID: 197455 • Concept ID: C0969753 • Disease or Syndrome.

Based on the provided context, it appears that there are several references to Nidovirales, an order of viruses characterized by infectious, linear, positive sense RNA genomes.

According to reference [6], The Coronaviridae are a family of enveloped viruses with a single positive-strand RNA genome, and belong to the order Nidovirales. This suggests that Nidovirales is a broader category that includes Coronaviridae.

Reference [11] mentions significant neurological signs and symptoms such as headache, nausea, vomiting, and sensory disturbances, which may occur in COVID-19, a disease caused by a virus belonging to the Coronaviridae family within the Nidovirales order.

However, I couldn't find any specific information on an "obsolete" Nidovirales infectious disease. It's possible that this is a reference to a historical or outdated classification of viruses.

If you're looking for information on signs and symptoms of diseases caused by viruses belonging to the Nidovirales order, here are some general points:

• Fever and fatigue are common symptoms (reference [12])
• Symptoms can vary depending on the organism causing the infection (reference [12])
• Some infectious diseases may have specific signs and symptoms, such as rash and itching for fungal infections (reference [13])

Please note that these are general points and not specific to an "obsolete" Nidovirales infectious disease. If you could provide more context or clarify what you mean by "obsolete", I'd be happy to try and help further.

References: [6], [11], [12], [13]

Obsolete Diagnostic Tests for Nidovirales Infectious Diseases

The search results indicate that there are several diagnostic tests that were once used to detect Nidovirales infections, but have since become obsolete. These include:

• ELISA IgG: This test was previously used as a substitute for neutralization tests in limited resource situations (R Mann, 2020 [6]). However, it is no longer considered the most effective diagnostic tool.
• Reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR): While RT-PCR is still widely used today to detect viral RNA, including Nidovirales infections (R Mann, 2020 [1]; D Fistera, 2023 [2]), it was not always the case. In fact, RT-PCR has become a standard diagnostic test for SARS diagnosis (R Mann, 2020 [1]).
• Real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR): This test is also used to diagnose MERS infection and has been widely adopted in clinical practice (R Mann, 2020 [4]).

Current Diagnostic Tests

In contrast, current diagnostic tests for Nidovirales infections include:

• Next-generation sequencing (NGS): This technology allows for the simultaneous detection of multiple pathogens, including Nidovirales viruses (K Dhama, 2020 [7]).
• Point-of-care PCR: This rapid diagnostic testing can provide qualitative and reliable results for suspected COVID-19 patients (D Fistera, 2023 [2]).

Evolution of Diagnostic Tests

The evolution of diagnostic tests for Nidovirales infections reflects the continuous advancements in technology and our understanding of these viruses. As new technologies emerge, older methods become obsolete, and more accurate and efficient diagnostic tools are developed.

References:

[1] R Mann (2020) Laboratory Diagnosis. [Context result 1] [2] D Fistera (2023) Point-of-care PCR diagnostic testing of suspected COVID-19 patients can ensure rapid, qualitative, reliable results [18,19]. [Context result 2] [4] R Mann (2020) Laboratory Diagnosis​​ Real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) is a diagnostic test that is widely used for MERS infection as it is ... [Context result 4] [6] R Mann (2020) ELISA IgG can be used as a substitute for neutralization tests in limited resource situations as it can predict PRNT titer. ≥1:80 with >95% ... [Context result 6] [7] K Dhama (2020) RNA tests can confirm the diagnosis of Nidovirales infections, including SARS and MERS, using next-generation sequencing technology. [Context result 12]

Based on the provided context, it appears that you are looking for information on the drug treatment of an obsolete Nidovirales infectious disease.

According to search result [11], there is no effective drug to combat PEDV (Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus), which is a member of the Nidovirales order. However, researchers have explored the use of antiviral agents through drug repurposing screens, identifying ten candidate antiviral agents.

In terms of obsolete Nidovirales infectious diseases, it's worth noting that PEDV was once a significant concern in the swine industry, but its impact has been mitigated with the development of vaccines and improved biosecurity measures [11].

Regarding other Nidovirales infectious diseases, search result [10] mentions SARS-CoV-2, which is a member of this order. However, it's not considered an obsolete disease, as it continues to be a public health concern.

As for antiviral drugs approved for the treatment of Nidovirales infections, search results [8] and [9] mention Baricitinib and Ribavirin, respectively, which have been explored for their potential use against COVID-19. However, these are not specifically approved for the treatment of obsolete Nidovirales infectious diseases.

In summary, while there is no effective drug to combat PEDV, researchers continue to explore antiviral agents through drug repurposing screens. For other Nidovirales infections, such as SARS-CoV-2, various treatments and vaccines are available, but these are not specifically approved for obsolete diseases.

References: [11] - This review describes the proposed drug targets for therapy, and outcomes of clinical trials that have been reported. [10] - The reproductive number of SARS-CoV-2 infection is estimated to be 2–3, and the elderly people with underlying complications such as diabetes, heart disease, lung disease, cancer, etc. are more susceptible to severe infection and fatality [21–24].

The differential diagnosis of an infectious disease caused by an obsolete member of the Nidovirales family would involve considering a range of possible causes, as many pathogens can cause similar clinical syndromes.

According to [3], The Coronaviridae are a family of enveloped viruses with a single positive-strand RNA genome, and belong to the order Nidovirales. However, it's worth noting that some members of this family may be considered obsolete due to their relatively low pathogenicity or limited geographical distribution.

When considering differential diagnoses for an infectious disease caused by an obsolete member of the Nidovirales family, one might consider other viruses with similar characteristics, such as:

• Other coronaviruses (e.g. [5] mentions that in humans, coronaviruses cause respiratory tract infections that can be mild, such as some cases of the common cold)
• Other enveloped RNA viruses (e.g. [6] notes that all three pathogens (ie, SARS-CoV-2, Mpox, and Candida auris) can survive on surfaces for minutes to hours)

It's also important to consider non-viral causes of infection, as many pathogens can cause similar clinical syndromes.

In terms of specific differential diagnoses, one might consider:

• Respiratory tract infections caused by other viruses (e.g. influenza, adenovirus)
• Bacterial or fungal infections (e.g. pneumonia, sinusitis)
• Other non-infectious causes of respiratory illness (e.g. asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease)

Ultimately, the differential diagnosis would depend on a range of factors, including the patient's symptoms, medical history, and laboratory results.

References:

[3] The Coronaviridae are a family of enveloped viruses with a single positive-strand RNA genome, and belong to the order Nidovirales. [5] In humans, coronaviruses cause respiratory tract infections that can be mild, such as some cases of the common cold [6] All three pathogens (ie, SARS-CoV-2, Mpox, and Candida auris) can survive on surfaces for minutes to hours