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prostatic acinar adenocarcinoma

Description

Prostatic Acinar Adenocarcinoma: A Comprehensive Overview

Prostatic acinar adenocarcinoma, also known as conventional adenocarcinoma, is the most common type of prostate cancer. It accounts for approximately 90-95% of all prostate cancer cases [8][9]. This type of cancer develops in the gland cells that line the prostate gland, specifically in the acini (small glands) of the prostate.

Characteristics and Features

Prostatic acinar adenocarcinoma is characterized by a malignant transformation of luminal epithelium in the absence of basal cells [7]. The cancer starts growing in the back (periphery) of the prostate near the rectum and may be felt during a doctor's examination [4].

Histopathological Subtypes

The most common histopathological subdiagnosis of prostate cancer is acinar adenocarcinoma, constituting 93% of prostate cancers [12]. The most common form of acinar adenocarcinoma is "adenocarcinoma, not otherwise specified", also termed conventional or usual acinar.

Definition and Classification

According to the World Health Organization (WHO), prostatic acinar adenocarcinoma is defined as an invasive carcinoma consisting of neoplastic prostatic epithelial cells with secretory differentiation arranged in a variety of histomorphological patterns, including glands, cords, single cells, and sheets [13]. Basal cells are typically absent.

Incidence and Prevalence

Prostate adenocarcinoma is the most common type of prostate cancer, affecting older men. The risk of developing this type of cancer increases with age, making it a relatively common cancer among older men [10].

In summary, prostatic acinar adenocarcinoma is the most common type of prostate cancer, accounting for approximately 90-95% of all cases. It develops in the gland cells that line the prostate gland and is characterized by a malignant transformation of luminal epithelium in the absence of basal cells.

Additional Characteristics

  • Prostatic acinar adenocarcinoma, also known as conventional adenocarcinoma
  • is the most common type of prostate cancer.
  • It develops in the gland cells that line the prostate gland, specifically in the acini (small glands) of the prostate.
  • Characterized by a malignant transformation of luminal epithelium in the absence of basal cells
  • Is the most common histopathological subdiagnosis of prostate cancer, constituting 93% of prostate cancers
  • Basal cells are typically absent.
  • The risk of developing this type of cancer increases with age, making it a relatively common cancer among older men
  • Defined as an invasive carcinoma consisting of neoplastic prostatic epithelial cells with secretory differentiation arranged in a variety of histomorphological patterns, including glands, cords, single cells, and sheets

Signs and Symptoms

Common Signs and Symptoms of Prostatic Acinar Adenocarcinoma

Prostatic acinar adenocarcinoma, also known as conventional adenocarcinoma, is the most common type of prostate cancer. While it often has no early symptoms, there are several signs that may indicate its presence in advanced stages.

  • Frequent Urination: One of the earliest and most common symptoms of prostatic acinar adenocarcinoma is a frequent urge to urinate, especially at night [1]. This can be due to the cancer's growth pressing on the urethra or bladder.
  • Painful Urination (Dysuria): Pain or burning when urinating can also occur as the cancer grows and irritates the urinary tract [3].
  • Weak Urine Flow: A weak flow of urine or a feeling that the stream is interrupted may be another symptom, especially if the cancer has grown significantly [13].
  • Blood in Semen (Hematospermia): In some cases, blood may appear in the semen due to the cancer's invasion into the prostate gland [5].
  • Erectile Dysfunction: Advanced prostatic acinar adenocarcinoma can also cause erectile dysfunction or difficulty achieving an erection [1].

Other Possible Symptoms

While less common, other symptoms that may be associated with prostatic acinar adenocarcinoma include:

  • Urinary Retention: In some cases, the cancer's growth can lead to urinary retention, where the individual is unable to fully empty their bladder.
  • Loss of Bladder Control (Urinary Incontinence): Advanced prostate cancer can also cause loss of bladder control or incontinence.

Importance of Early Detection

It's essential for men with these symptoms to consult a healthcare provider promptly. Early detection and treatment can significantly improve outcomes and reduce the risk of complications.

References: [1] - Context 2, 13 [3] - Context 13 [5] - Context 5

Diagnostic Tests

Diagnostic Tests for Prostatic Acinar Adenocarcinoma

Prostatic acinar adenocarcinoma, also known as prostate cancer, is a type of cancer that develops in the gland cells of the prostate. Diagnosing this condition requires a combination of physical examination, medical history, and various diagnostic tests.

Physical Examination

A digital rectal exam (DRE) is often the first step in diagnosing prostate cancer. During a DRE, a doctor inserts a gloved, lubricated finger into the rectum to examine the prostate gland. If any abnormalities are detected, further tests may be necessary [1].

Blood Tests

Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) blood test is another common diagnostic tool for prostate cancer. PSA is a protein produced by the prostate gland, and elevated levels can indicate the presence of cancer [2]. However, it's essential to note that high PSA levels do not necessarily mean cancer is present.

Imaging Tests

Imaging tests such as ultrasound, computed tomography (CT), or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) may be ordered to visualize the prostate gland and surrounding tissues. These tests can help identify any abnormalities or tumors [3].

Biopsy

A biopsy involves removing a small sample of tissue from the prostate gland for examination under a microscope. This is usually done using a needle guided by ultrasound or CT scans. A biopsy can confirm the presence of cancer cells in the prostate gland [4].

Additional Tests

In some cases, additional tests such as immunohistochemical (IHC) stains may be ordered to help identify the type of prostate cancer and its aggressiveness [5]. The PHI test, which combines free and total PSA and the (-2) pro-PSA isoform (p2PSA), is another diagnostic tool that can aid in diagnosing prostate cancer [6].

References

[1] Context 3: Digital rectal examination (DRE) and PSA are usually part of the initial diagnostic work-up in these cases, after which a further diagnostic test may be ordered.

[2] Context 2: Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) blood test is another common diagnostic tool for prostate cancer. PSA is a protein produced by the prostate gland, and elevated levels can indicate the presence of cancer.

[3] Context 5: Imaging tests such as ultrasound, computed tomography (CT), or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) may be ordered to visualize the prostate gland and surrounding tissues.

[4] Context 6: A biopsy involves removing a small sample of tissue from the prostate gland for examination under a microscope. This is usually done using a needle guided by ultrasound or CT scans.

[5] Context 7: In some cases, additional tests such as immunohistochemical (IHC) stains may be ordered to help identify the type of prostate cancer and its aggressiveness.

[6] Context 8: The PHI test, which combines free and total PSA and the (-2) pro-PSA isoform (p2PSA), is another diagnostic tool that can aid in diagnosing prostate cancer.

Treatment

Differential Diagnosis

Additional Information

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It is not intended to be a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified healthcare provider with questions about your medical condition.