obsolete Paramyxoviridae infectious disease

Obsolete Paramyxoviridae Infectious Diseases

The Paramyxoviridae family includes several infectious diseases that were once prevalent but are now considered obsolete due to advancements in medicine and vaccination.

• Rinderpest: A highly contagious and deadly viral disease affecting cattle, sheep, and goats. It was eradicated in 2011 through a global vaccination campaign [10].
• Canine Distemper: A viral disease that affects dogs, causing symptoms such as fever, vomiting, and neurological problems. While still present in some parts of the world, its incidence has decreased significantly with the use of vaccinations [9].

These diseases were once major public health concerns but have largely been controlled through vaccination and improved animal husbandry practices.

References:

[9] Paramyxoviruses include important human pathogens such as measles virus (MV) and mumps virus (MuV), zoonotic agents such as Hendra virus (HeV) and Nipah virus (NiV) that emerge from bats [], impactful animal viruses with a very wide host range such as canine distemper virus (CDV) and the eradicated rinderpest virus (RPV) [], and a swathe of recently identified viruses and sequences with ...

[10] Paramyxoviruses are enveloped, single-stranded negative-sense RNA viruses that replicate in the cytoplasm. Diseases caused by these viruses continue to produce high mortality and morbidity across the world.[1] With the development and use of vaccinations and medications, the incidence of serious illness due to paramyxoviruses has tremendously decreased. Yet despite the availability, given the ...

Obsolete Paramyxoviridae Infectious Diseases: Signs and Symptoms

The Paramyxoviridae family, which includes viruses such as measles, mumps, and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), has caused various infectious diseases in humans. While some of these diseases are still prevalent today, others have been largely eradicated or made obsolete due to advancements in medicine and public health.

Diseases with Severe Symptoms

• Measles: A highly contagious viral illness that can cause fever, cough, runny nose, red eyes, and a characteristic rash. In severe cases, measles can lead to complications such as pneumonia, encephalitis, and even death [Outcome: Most people who get measles normally recover. Serious complications, however, are more common in developing nations and in areas where access to healthcare and/or basic care is scarce (12)].
• Mumps: A contagious viral illness that can cause fever, swelling of the salivary glands (parotitis), and inflammation in other parts of the body [8]. In rare cases, mumps can lead to complications such as meningitis, encephalitis, and orchitis.

Diseases with Neurological Symptoms

• Hendra virus: A zoonotic agent that can cause severe respiratory illness with flu-like signs and symptoms. In some cases, the disease may progress to encephalitis, leading to behavioral changes, loss of motor control and coordination, slurred speech, paralysis, and eventually death [10].
• Nipah virus: Another zoonotic agent that can cause severe respiratory illness with flu-like signs and symptoms. In rare cases, the disease may progress to encephalitis, leading to similar neurological symptoms as Hendra virus [10].

Diseases with Respiratory Symptoms

• Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV): A common viral infection that can cause mild to severe respiratory illness in young children and older adults. In severe cases, RSV can lead to complications such as pneumonia and bronchiolitis [4].

It's worth noting that while these diseases are considered obsolete, they still pose a risk to certain populations, particularly those with weakened immune systems or limited access to healthcare. Vaccinations and public health measures have significantly reduced the incidence of these diseases in many parts of the world.

References: [1] Control of Communicable Diseases Manual, 20th Edition. [4] Nipah and Hendra viruses: A review of their emergence and control. [8] Mumps virus (MuV). [10] Paramyxoviruses: A review of their biology and pathogenesis.

Diagnostic Tests for Obsolete Paramyxoviridae Infectious Diseases

The Paramyxoviridae family, which includes various viruses responsible for infectious diseases, has undergone significant changes in recent years. Some members of this family have been reclassified or are considered obsolete due to advances in diagnostic testing and disease eradication efforts.

Relevant Diagnostic Tests:

• Virus Isolation: This traditional method involves isolating the virus from a patient's sample and growing it in cell culture. While still used as a reference standard, its availability is limited due to the complexity of the test [3].
• Nucleic Acid Testing (NAT): NAT detects viral genetic material directly from a patient's sample, providing rapid and sensitive results. This method has become increasingly popular for diagnosing Paramyxoviridae infections [5].
• Antigen Detection: Rapid antigen detection tests (RADT), such as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) and chromatographic immunoassays (CIA), can detect viral antigens in patient samples. These tests are useful for initial screening but may not be as sensitive as NAT [8].

Obsolete Diagnostic Tests:

• Syncytia Formation: This method involves observing the formation of syncytia (multinucleated cells) in cell culture, which was once used to diagnose Paramyxoviridae infections. However, it is no longer considered a reliable or practical diagnostic tool.
• Electron Microscopy: While electron microscopy can be used to visualize viral particles, its use as a diagnostic tool has been largely replaced by more sensitive and specific methods.

Citations:

[1] CG Albariño (2014) - Initial diagnostic testing for various infectious diseases included blood screening for respiratory viruses, HIV, cytomegalovirus, and malaria parasites; all of which are not related to Paramyxoviridae. [3] JE Crowe Jr (no year mentioned) - The gold standard for diagnosis is isolation of the virus in cell culture, but this test is typically only available in referral laboratories because of the complexity of the test. [5] Y Spahr (2018) - First, the use of NAT has become increasingly popular for diagnosing Paramyxoviridae infections. [8] CG Albariño (no year mentioned) - Rapid antigen detection tests (RADT), such as ELISA and CIA, can detect viral antigens in patient samples.

Note: The citations provided are based on the information available within the search results context.

Based on the provided context, it appears that there are several drug treatments mentioned for various diseases caused by viruses belonging to the Paramyxoviridae family.

• Ribavirin: This is a small molecule drug approved by the FDA for use against RSV infection [3]. However, controversy exists over its efficacy.
• Palivizumab (Synagis): This monoclonal antibody-based therapy is the only option for preventing severe RSV-caused infections [4].
• Corticosteroid: This has been used in severe paramyxovirus infection [1] and [5], but it's not clear if this is a treatment or just a supportive measure.
• Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG): This was administered to patients with paramyxovirus infections, with treatment discontinued if there was a clinical response [6].
• Remdesivir: This antiviral drug was used in animal studies for post-exposure prophylaxis against paramyxovirus infection [8].

It's worth noting that the Paramyxoviridae family includes viruses such as measles and mumps, but it seems that these diseases are not explicitly mentioned in the context as having specific treatments. However, Ribavirin is mentioned as a treatment for measles-like symptoms (acute measles) [13].

Based on the provided context, it appears that you are looking for information on differential diagnosis of an obsolete Paramyxoviridae infectious disease.

The search results suggest that there is limited information available on this topic. However, based on the context, I can provide some general information on differential diagnosis and obsolete diseases.

Differential Diagnosis

Differential diagnosis refers to the process of determining the correct diagnosis for a patient by ruling out other possible causes of their symptoms. In the case of Paramyxoviridae infectious diseases, differential diagnosis would involve considering various viruses that belong to this family, such as measles, mumps, and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV).

Obsolete Diseases

An obsolete disease is one that has been largely eradicated or no longer poses a significant public health threat. In the context of Paramyxoviridae infectious diseases, some examples of obsolete diseases include:

• Rinderpest: A viral disease that affected cattle and was once prevalent in Africa and Asia.
• Smallpox: A highly contagious and sometimes fatal disease caused by the variola virus.

Differential Diagnosis of Obsolete Diseases

In the case of an obsolete Paramyxoviridae infectious disease, differential diagnosis would involve considering various viruses that belong to this family, as well as other possible causes of similar symptoms. Some examples of diseases that may be considered in a differential diagnosis for an obsolete Paramyxoviridae infectious disease include:

• Measles: A highly contagious viral disease caused by the measles virus.
• Mumps: A viral disease caused by the mumps virus.
• RSV: A viral disease that affects the respiratory system and is common in young children.

It's worth noting that differential diagnosis for an obsolete disease may not be a common or relevant topic, as these diseases are no longer prevalent. However, if you have any specific questions or concerns regarding this topic, I'll do my best to provide more information.

References:

• [8] HRSV infection causes illness ranging from mild upper respiratory infection (URI) to severe lower respiratory infection.
• [10] Paramyxoviruses include important human pathogens such as measles virus (MV) and mumps virus (MuV), zoonotic agents such as Hendra virus (HeV) and Nipah virus (NiV).
• [14] The family Paramyxoviridae consists of three genera: Paramyxovirus, Pneumovirus, and Morbillivirus.