obsolete Nematoda infectious disease

Obsolete Nematoda Infectious Disease

The context suggests that there are several outdated terms and descriptions related to Nematoda infectious diseases. However, based on the provided information, it appears that one such term is "obsolete Rhabditida infectious disease" (Context 1) and another is "obsolete Strongylida infectious disease" (Context 6).

Characteristics

According to Context 4, a Chromadorea infectious disease involves infection by parasitic nematodes of the order Rhabditida. This disease is characterized by an oral aperture with 2, 3 or 6 lips.

Hosts Affected

The obsolete Strongylida infectious disease (Context 6) affects humans and is caused by parasitic infection of gastrointestinal tracts by roundworms including ascarids, filarids, hookworms, pinworms, and whipworms.

Transmission

There is no specific information on the transmission of these diseases in the provided context. However, it's worth noting that some Nematoda infectious diseases have direct life-cycles (Context 14), meaning they only involve one host species.

Relevance

It's essential to note that these terms and descriptions are considered obsolete, which means they are no longer used or recognized in modern medical or scientific contexts. The information provided is likely from older sources and may not reflect current knowledge on the topic.

References: [1] Context 4 [6] Context 6

Based on the provided context, it appears that there are several signs and symptoms associated with nematode infections in humans and plants.

Human Nematode Infections

• Ocular signs such as periorbital oedema, conjunctivitis, macular and retinal haemorrhage may appear after about three weeks from the infection [1].
• Anal dermatitis, perianal folliculitis, or ischiorectal abscess may develop [4].
• Anorexia, weight loss, and slight to moderate anaemia may be present [5].
• Respiratory distress (dyspnoea) caused by larvae migrating through the lungs may occur [5].

Plant Nematode Infections

• Stunted root systems and reduced yield are common symptoms of plant-parasitic nematode infection [3].
• Specific signs such as root cysts or root galls, and “nematode wool” on bulbs and corms may be present [10].
• Nutrient deficiency, wilt, stunting, yield depression, and sometimes plant death can result from nematode infestations [10].

Common Signs and Symptoms

• Diarrhea, eosinophilia, fever, mass lesions, respiratory symptoms, and skin lesions are common signs of nematode infections in humans and plants [9].
• Foliage may lose its luster and wilt due to root injury caused by nematodes [14].

It's worth noting that the context provided seems to be focused on obsolete or less common nematode infectious diseases. If you're looking for information on more contemporary or widespread diseases, I'd be happy to try and assist you further!

Diagnostic Tests for Obsolete Nematode Infections

Nematode infections, such as those caused by Strongyloides stercoralis and hookworms, were once a significant public health concern in many parts of the world. While these diseases are still present in some regions, their prevalence has declined significantly due to improvements in sanitation, hygiene, and healthcare infrastructure.

Traditional Diagnostic Methods

In the past, diagnosis of nematode infections relied heavily on traditional methods such as:

• Microscopy: Examination of stool, blood, or tissue samples under a microscope to detect parasites or eggs [4].
• Clinical examination: Physical examination of patients to identify symptoms and signs associated with nematode infections.
• Patient history: Collection of information about the patient's travel history, occupation, and other relevant factors that may increase their risk of infection.

Limitations of Traditional Methods

While traditional methods were once effective in diagnosing nematode infections, they have several limitations:

• Time-consuming: Microscopy requires skilled personnel and can be time-consuming.
• Labor-intensive: Sample preparation for microscopy is labor-intensive and may require specialized equipment.
• Dependent on qualified staff: Diagnosis by microscopy depends on the availability of trained laboratory staff.

Advances in Diagnostic Techniques

In recent years, advances in diagnostic techniques have improved the accuracy and speed of diagnosis for nematode infections. These include:

• Serologic tests: Blood tests that detect antibodies against specific parasites [6].
• Polymerase chain reaction (PCR): A molecular technique that can detect DNA from parasites in stool or other samples.
• Imaging techniques: Use of imaging technologies such as ultrasound or CT scans to visualize parasites or their effects on the body.

Current Diagnostic Approaches

Today, diagnosis of nematode infections often involves a combination of traditional and modern methods. Clinicians may use a range of diagnostic tools, including:

• Clinical examination and patient history
• Microscopy: Still used in some cases, particularly when PCR or other molecular techniques are not available.
• Serologic tests: Blood tests to detect antibodies against specific parasites.
• PCR: Molecular technique to detect DNA from parasites.

Conclusion

While nematode infections are no longer a major public health concern in many parts of the world, they still exist in some regions. Advances in diagnostic techniques have improved the accuracy and speed of diagnosis for these diseases. Clinicians should be aware of the traditional and modern methods available for diagnosing nematode infections and use them appropriately to ensure accurate diagnosis and effective treatment.

References:

[4] Microscopy: Examination of stool, blood, or tissue samples under a microscope to detect parasites or eggs. [6] Serologic tests: Blood tests that detect antibodies against specific parasites.

Obsolete Nematode Infectious Diseases and Their Drug Treatments

There are several nematode infectious diseases that were once prevalent but have become largely obsolete due to improvements in sanitation, hygiene, and the development of effective treatments. Some examples include:

• Ascariasis: This infection was caused by the roundworm Ascaris lumbricoides. The treatment for ascariasis typically involved administering anthelmintic drugs such as pyrantel or mebendazole [15].
• Trichuriasis: This infection was caused by the whipworm Trichuris trichiura. The treatment for trichuriasis often involved administering albendazole or mebendazole [6, 15].
• Hookworm: This infection was caused by the hookworms Ancylostoma duodenale and Necator americanus. The treatment for hookworm typically involved administering anthelmintic drugs such as pyrantel or mebendazole [2, 15].

Historical Treatment Options

In the past, other treatments were used to manage these infections. For example:

• Tetramisole: This was a drug that was once used to treat nematode infections in humans [13].
• Emomepside: This is an anthelmintic drug that was approved for use in cats and has been shown to be effective against certain gastrointestinal nematodes [3].

Current Status

While these diseases are no longer as prevalent, it's essential to note that the emergence of drug resistance among parasitic nematodes is a growing concern [10]. This highlights the need for continued research into new treatments and strategies for managing these infections.

References:

[1] by AE Lloyd · 2014 · Cited by 34 [2] Aug 21, 2012 [3] Emodepside is an anthelmintic drug that is effective against a number of gastrointestinal nematodes, is licensed for use in cats and belongs to the class of ... [10] Unfortunately, the emergence of drug resistance among parasitic nematodes, due to prolonged treatment and incorrect drug dosage with an unpredictable infection trend as a result of 2024-12-04T07:57:05.257Z