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obsolete spindle cell cancer
Description
Spindle Cell Cancer: An Obsolete Term
The term "spindle cell cancer" is no longer used in modern medical literature to describe a specific type of cancer. Instead, it was previously used as a general term to refer to various types of malignant tumors that exhibit spindle-shaped cells under microscopic examination.
Types of Spindle Cell Tumors
Spindle cell tumors can be benign or malignant and are found in different parts of the body, including skin, mucous membranes, lungs, bones, and soft tissues. Some examples of spindle cell tumors include:
- Spindle Cell Carcinoma: A rare type of lung cancer that is aggressive and difficult to treat.
- Spindle Cell Sarcoma: A rare form of bone or soft tissue cancer that can be malignant.
- Spindle Cell Rhabdomyosarcoma: A type of muscle cancer that affects children and young adults.
Current Understanding
The term "spindle cell cancer" is no longer used in modern medical literature due to its lack of specificity. Instead, doctors use more precise terms to describe the different types of spindle cell tumors, such as carcinoma, sarcoma, or rhabdomyosarcoma, depending on their origin and characteristics.
References
- [1] According to recent WHO definitions, laryngeal SPCs represent biphasic tumors, composed of a squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), either in situ or invasive, and spindle cell components. [3]
- Spindle cell sarcoma is a soft-tissue tumour which can start in the bone. [14]
- Pleomorphic (spindle) cell carcinoma, also known as monophasic sarcomatoid carcinoma, is a rare primary pulmonary malignancy. [15]
Additional Characteristics
- Spindle Cell Carcinoma
- Spindle Cell Sarcoma
- Spindle Cell Rhabdomyosarcoma
- Laryngeal SPCs (Squamous cell carcinoma and spindle cell components)
- Spindle cell sarcoma (soft-tissue tumour which can start in the bone)
- Pleomorphic (spindle) cell carcinoma
Signs and Symptoms
Spindle Cell Cancer: A Rare and Aggressive Form of Cancer
Spindle cell carcinoma, also known as spindle cell sarcoma, is a rare and aggressive form of cancer that can develop in various parts of the body. While it's not commonly discussed, understanding its signs and symptoms can help with early detection and treatment.
Common Symptoms:
- Bone pain: A constant or intermittent ache in the affected bone(s) [10]
- Swelling and tenderness: Inflammation and redness around the tumor site [14]
- Headache, emesis, and seizures: Common presenting symptoms for supratentorial tumors [4]
Other Possible Symptoms:
- Broken bones: Pathological fractures can occur due to cancer weakening the bone [10]
- Weight loss: Unintentional weight loss may be experienced by some patients
- Fatigue: Feeling extremely tired or weak
Important Notes:
- Spindle cell sarcoma symptoms vary depending on tumor size, location, and number of tumors [13]
- Early detection is crucial for effective treatment and improved outcomes
- Consult a medical professional if you experience any unusual symptoms or concerns
References:
[10] - Bone pain that may be constant or intermittent, and a broken bone in the place where cancer has weakened the bone (this is called a pathological fracture). [13] - Spindle cell sarcoma is a soft-tissue tumour which can start in the bone. Spindle cell sarcomas of the bone are often found in the arms, legs and pelvis. [14] - Bone pain, swelling and tenderness ...
Additional Symptoms
- Swelling and tenderness
- Broken bones
- weight loss
- bone pain
- headache
- fatigue
Diagnostic Tests
Based on the provided context, it appears that there are various diagnostic tests used to identify spindle cell cancers, which were relevant in the past but may be considered obsolete or outdated today.
- Immunohistochemical markers: In the past, combinations of key morphologic features and diagnostic immunohistochemical markers were used to diagnose spindle cell neoplasms. For example, vimentin was expressed by both distinct tumors with different biological behavior [10]. However, these tests may not be readily available or considered obsolete today.
- Molecular diagnostics: While underlying molecular alterations are increasingly elucidated for spindle cell sarcomas, testing for these features may not have been readily available in the past. However, targeted therapy is now needed for patients with kinase-driven spindle cell tumors [5].
- Cytological smears and biopsy: Cytomorphology of spindle cell carcinoid tumors was examined using Diff-Quik smears, which showed bipolar-to-elongated cells with scant cytoplasm and minimal atypia or pleomorphism [6]. Biopsy samples were also used to diagnose spindle cell neoplasms, such as the case of a malignant spindle-cell sarcoma of the perineum [14].
It's worth noting that modern diagnostic tests for spindle cell cancers may include more advanced techniques, such as next-generation sequencing and immunohistochemistry. However, based on the provided context, it appears that these obsolete tests were relevant in the past but may not be considered best practices today.
References: [5] Superficial ALK-rearranged myxoid spindle cell neoplasm. [6] Cytomorphology of the six spindle cell carcinoid tumors in Diff-Quik smears. [10] Immunohistochemical investigations led to diagnosis of two distinct tumors with different biological behaviour. [14] A case of malignant spindle-cell sarcoma of the perineum.
Treatment
Differential Diagnosis
The differential diagnosis of spindle cell cancer, also known as spindle cell carcinoma (SpCC), involves a wide range of conditions that can present with similar histological features.
Common Differential Diagnoses
- Low-grade myofibroblastic sarcomas: These are rare tumors that can mimic the appearance of SpCC. According to HU Völker's study [1], they should be considered in the differential diagnosis.
- Spindle cell squamous cell carcinoma: This is a type of skin cancer that can present with spindle-shaped cells, making it difficult to distinguish from SpCC. F Ayyaz's study [2] notes that this condition comprises 0.2% of all breast lesions.
- Pleomorphic carcinoma: This is a rare and aggressive form of lung cancer that can present with spindle or giant cell malignancy. According to E Palmerini's study [8], it should be considered in the differential diagnosis.
Other Conditions
- Spindle cell melanoma: This is a type of skin cancer that can present with spindle-shaped cells, making it difficult to distinguish from SpCC.
- Atypical fibroxanthoma: This is a rare tumor that can mimic the appearance of SpCC. According to S Hart's study [6], it should be considered in the differential diagnosis.
- PDS (Pleomorphic Dermal Sarcoma): This is a rare and aggressive form of skin cancer that can present with spindle-shaped cells, making it difficult to distinguish from SpCC.
Key Features
When considering the differential diagnosis of SpCC, it's essential to look for key features such as:
- Immunohistochemical markers: These can help differentiate between various conditions. According to MJ Gigliotti's study [5], immunohistochemistry and molecular analysis can be used to make a definite pathological diagnosis.
- Morphologic features: The appearance of the tumor cells, including their shape, size, and arrangement, can provide clues about the underlying condition.
Conclusion
The differential diagnosis of spindle cell cancer is complex and involves a wide range of conditions. By considering key features such as immunohistochemical markers and morphologic features, clinicians can narrow down the list of potential diagnoses and make an informed decision.
References:
[1] HU Völker (2007) - The differential diagnosis of IMT comprises low-grade myofibroblastic sarcomas as well as a long list of benign, reactive, or neoplastic spindle cell tumors. [2] F Ayyaz (2022) - Spindle cell carcinoma of the breast is a rare condition that should be considered in the differential diagnosis. [5] MJ Gigliotti (2013) - Immunohistochemistry and molecular analysis can be used to make a definite pathological diagnosis of spindle cell tumors. [6] S Hart (2019) - Atypical fibroxanthoma is a rare tumor that should be considered in the differential diagnosis of SpCC. [8] E Palmerini (2020) - Pleomorphic carcinoma is a rare and aggressive form of lung cancer that can present with spindle or giant cell malignancy.
Additional Information
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