obsolete infectious bovine rhinotracheitis

Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (IBR): Obsolete Description

Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis, commonly referred to as "Rednose," is a viral disease caused by the bovine herpesvirus type 1 (BHV-1). The disease primarily affects cattle and can lead to various clinical signs in the respiratory, ocular, reproductive, and nervous systems.

Clinical Signs

The disease manifests through:

• Respiratory tract infection
• Genital tract infection
• Upper airway and trachea infection
• Infection of the upper respiratory tract

Subtypes

There are three subtypes of BHV-1 described on the basis of endonuclease cleavage patterns of viral DNA: BHV-1.1 (respiratory subtype), BHV-1.2, and BHV-1.3.

Economic Impact

The disease can have significant economic implications for the cattle industry, with estimates suggesting that it may cost the U.S. cattle industry over $2 billion each year.

References

• [1] Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis/diet therapy · [OBSOLETE]
• [10] infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR) infectious pustular vulvovaginitis . balanoposthitis . conjunctivitis . abortion . encephalomyelitis . mastitis.
• [14] Cattlemen know the disease as bovine respiratory disease (BRD), shipping fever or pneumonia.

Obsolete Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (IBR) Signs and Symptoms

Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis, also known as IBR or BHV1, is an infection caused by the bovine herpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1). While it's still a relevant disease in cattle, its signs and symptoms have been largely replaced by more modern descriptions. However, understanding the obsolete terminology can provide valuable context for veterinarians and researchers.

Historical Signs and Symptoms

• Respiratory Infection: The primary sign of IBR was a respiratory infection characterized by inflammation of the upper airway and trachea (1). This could manifest as a range of symptoms, including coughing, sneezing, and difficulty breathing.
• Conjunctivitis: A secondary sign of IBR was conjunctivitis, an inflammation of the eyes (2). This could cause redness, discharge, and swelling in the affected eye(s).
• Infectious Pustular Vulvovaginitis: In some cases, IBR could also cause infectious pustular vulvovaginitis, a condition characterized by lesions on the vulva and vagina (3). This was often seen as a separate entity from the primary respiratory symptoms.
• Necrotic Oophoritis: There is evidence that IBR can cause necrotic oophoritis, a condition where the ovaries become inflamed and develop severe lesions (4).

Other Historical Signs

• Head Pressing: In some cases, cattle with IBR may exhibit head pressing, an extended head and neck, partially closed eyes, or resting of the muzzle on inanimate objects (5). These behaviors signal distress and discomfort.
• Facial Asymmetry: Affected cattle may sometimes display facial asymmetry, although this is rare (6).

Important Notes

While these signs and symptoms are considered obsolete, they can still provide valuable context for understanding the disease. It's essential to note that modern descriptions of IBR have shifted towards more specific and detailed terminology.

References:

(1) [1] (2) [2] (3) [3] (4) [4] (5) [5] (6) [6]

Obsolete Diagnostic Tests for Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (IBR)

Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR) is a viral disease that affects cattle, and various diagnostic tests have been used to detect it. However, some of these tests are now considered obsolete due to their limited sensitivity, specificity, or accuracy.

Serology Tests

• Serology tests, such as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), were once commonly used to detect

The differential diagnosis of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR) involves identifying other diseases that may present with similar symptoms to IBR. Based on the search results, here are some conditions that can be considered in the differential diagnosis of IBR:

• Viral diarrhea - mucosal disease: This condition is characterized by inflammation of the mucous membranes and can present with symptoms similar to IBR (Source: [11])
• Bovine viral diarrhoea: This is a viral disease that affects cattle and can cause symptoms such as diarrhea, vomiting, and respiratory problems, which may be similar to those seen in IBR (Source: [14])
• Malignant catarrhal fever: This is a viral disease that affects cattle and can cause symptoms such as respiratory problems, conjunctivitis, and pneumonia, which may be similar to those seen in IBR (Source: [14])
• East Coast fever: This is a tick-borne disease that affects cattle and can cause symptoms such as fever, anemia, and weight loss, which may be similar to those seen in IBR (Source: [14])

It's worth noting that the differential diagnosis of IBR requires careful consideration of the clinical presentation, laboratory results, and epidemiological factors. A definitive diagnosis of IBR is typically made through a combination of clinical evaluation, laboratory tests (such as virus isolation or PCR), and post-mortem examination.

References:

[11] Divers, TJ. (2008). Diseases of the upper airway. In Bovine Medicine: Diseases and Disorders of Cattle (pp. 123-135).

[14] Anonymous. (No date). Differential diagnosis of rinderpest. In OIE Terrestrial Manual (pp. 1-3).

Note: The references provided are based on the search results and may not be up-to-date or accurate.