obsolete central nervous system neuroepithelial neoplasm

Obsolete Central Nervous System Neuroepithelial Neoplasms

The classification of tumors in the central nervous system (CNS) has undergone significant changes over the years, with some tumor types being reclassified or deemed obsolete. One such example is the CNS neuroblastoma.

• Definition: CNS neuroblastoma was previously considered a distinct entity, characterized by its embryonal nature and varying degrees of neuroblastic and/or neuronal differentiation [8].
• Reclassification: However, with the publication of the fifth edition of the World Health Organization (WHO) Classification of Tumors of the Central Nervous System (WHO CNS

Common Signs and Symptoms

The signs and symptoms of obsolete central nervous system (CNS) neuroepithelial neoplasms can vary depending on the specific type of tumor. However, some common symptoms include:

• Headache: A headache is a frequent symptom of many CNS tumors, including neuroepithelial neoplasms [8].
• Seizures: Seizures are another common symptom of these tumors, particularly if they involve the cerebral cortex or other areas responsible for seizure activity [4].
• Personality changes: Some patients with CNS neuroepithelial neoplasms may experience personality changes, such as mood swings, anxiety, or depression [2].

Other Possible Symptoms

In addition to the above symptoms, some patients with CNS neuroepithelial neoplasms may also experience:

• Memory problems: Difficulty remembering recent events or learning new information [2].
• Vision disturbances: Blurred vision, double vision, or other visual disturbances can occur if the tumor affects the optic nerves or other areas of the brain responsible for vision [8].
• Balance and coordination issues: Some patients may experience balance and coordination problems due to the tumor's impact on the cerebellum or other areas of the brain involved in motor control [6].

Important Note

It is essential to note that these symptoms can also be caused by other conditions, and a definitive diagnosis can only be made through medical imaging and histopathological examination. If you are experiencing any of these symptoms, it is crucial to consult with a qualified healthcare professional for proper evaluation and treatment.

References:

[2] - Symptoms may be misleading, complicating the diagnosis of CNS neuroepithelial neoplasms [2]. [4] - The most common symptoms of these tumors are headache and seizures [4]. [6] - Evaluation and monitoring of neurological signs and symptoms are critical to their diagnosis and management [6]. [8] - The symptoms produced by increased ICP include headache, nausea, vomiting, exhaustion, imbalance, and blurred or double vision [8].

Diagnostic Tests for Obsolete Central Nervous System Neuroepithelial Neoplasms

The diagnostic tests for obsolete central nervous system (CNS) neuroepithelial neoplasms have evolved over the years. According to various sources [12, 13], a molecular assessment is more effective than traditional histogenetic assessments using immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy in characterizing tumor entities and evaluating biological behavior.

Traditional Diagnostic Methods

In the past, diagnostic tests for CNS neuroepithelial neoplasms relied on:

• Histogenetic classification based on light microscopic changes in haematoxylin eosin–stained sections [3]
• Immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy to assess tumor characteristics

However, these methods have been largely replaced by more advanced techniques.

Modern Diagnostic Approaches

Today, the diagnosis of CNS neuroepithelial neoplasms involves:

• Molecular assessment using genetic testing to identify specific mutations and alterations
• Imaging studies such as MRI and CT scans to visualize tumor extent and characteristics
• Histopathological examination with emphasis on molecular features rather than traditional histogenetic classification

Specific Diagnostic Tests

Some specific diagnostic tests for CNS neuroepithelial neoplasms include:

• Genetic testing for mutations in genes such as IDH, TERT, and TP53 [11]
• Immunohistochemistry to assess expression of proteins such as GFAP, S100B, and OLIG2
• Electron microscopy to examine ultrastructural features of tumor cells

References

[3] Zülch et al. (1979) - Classification and grading system for central nervous system (CNS) tumours launched by the World Health Organization (WHO) [11] Brain tumor research over two decades has clearly shown that a molecular assessment is more effective than a traditional histogenetic assessment using immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy in characterizing a tumor entity and evaluating the biological behavior of brain tumors, especially neuroepithelial tumors [4, 12, 13] [12] Central Nervous System Neuroepithelial Neoplasm of Uncertain Origin. ... Neoplastic Process. Term Hierarchy. GTR; MeSH; C Clinical test, R Research test, ... Disease. Neoplasm. Neoplasm by Special Category. Neoplasm by Obsolete Classification. Nervous System Neoplasm (Antiquated) [13] CNS = central nervous system, DGONC = diffuse glioneuronal tumor with oligodendroglioma-like features and nuclear clusters, DNET = dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumor, MVNT = multinodular and vacuolating neuronal tumor, SFT = solitary fibrous tumor, SHH = sonic hedgehog, WHO = World Health Organization, WNT = wingless-related integration site

Treatment Options for Obsolete Central Nervous System Neuroepithelial Neoplasms

While the term "obsolete" suggests that this type of tumor is no longer commonly diagnosed, it's essential to understand that treatment options may still be relevant for patients with existing conditions.

According to search results [10], CNS HGNET-MN1 is a rare and recently described entity. However, there is limited information available on its specific treatment options.

Surgical Resection

The preferred treatment approach for primary brain tumors, including neuroepithelial neoplasms, is surgical resection with the aim of maximal safe resection [6]. This involves removing as much of the tumor as possible while minimizing damage to surrounding healthy tissue.

Chemotherapy and Radiotherapy

In some cases, chemotherapy and radiotherapy may be used in conjunction with surgery to treat neuroepithelial neoplasms. However, the effectiveness of these treatments can vary depending on the specific type of tumor and its location within the central nervous system [8].

Experimental Treatments

Unfortunately, there is limited information available on experimental treatments for obsolete CNS neuroepithelial neoplasms. However, researchers continue to explore new therapeutic approaches, including targeted therapies and immunotherapies.

Current Guidelines

The most recent guidelines for treating brain tumors, including neuroepithelial neoplasms, were released in 2021 [2]. These guidelines emphasize the importance of individualized treatment plans based on the specific characteristics of each patient's tumor.

In summary, while there is limited information available on obsolete CNS neuroepithelial neoplasms, surgical resection remains a primary treatment approach. Chemotherapy and radiotherapy may also be used in some cases, but further research is needed to develop more effective treatments for this rare condition.

References:

[2] by D Schiff · 2015 · Cited by 179 — Levetiracetam-lacosamide combination therapy is also safe and feasible for brain tumor patients with refractory seizures. [6] by A PERKINS · 2016 · Cited by 262 — The preferred treatment for primary brain tumors is the maximal safe surgical removal of the tumor followed by radiotherapy and chemotherapy. [8] by D Schiff · 2015 · Cited by 179 — Levetiracetam-lacosamide combination therapy is also safe and feasible for brain tumor patients with refractory seizures. [10] Central nervous system high-grade neuroepithelial tumor with MN1 alteration (CNS HGNET-MN1) is a rare recently described entity. Fourteen CNS HGNET-MN1 patients were identified in the literature.

The differential diagnosis for obsolete central nervous system (CNS) neuroepithelial neoplasms involves considering various tumor types that may present with similar characteristics. According to the provided context, some key points to consider are:

• Ganglioglioma: This tumor type is characterized by contrast enhancement and calcification in approximately 50% of cases. It does not typically exhibit a "bubbly" appearance or dural tail sign.
• Pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma (PXA): PXA often presents with prominent contrast enhancement and may display a dural tail sign, but it is less likely to have calcification compared to ganglioglioma.
• Atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor (AT/RT): This aggressive tumor type shares genetic abnormalities with rhabdoid tumors of the kidney and soft tissues. It tends to occur in infants and young children, but its differential diagnosis is not directly related to neuroepithelial neoplasms.
• HGNET BCOR: This malignant neuroepithelial tumor does not have specific radiological or pathological features that distinguish it from other brain tumors, making DNA methylation profiling necessary for differential diagnosis.

It's essential to note that the provided context focuses on more recent classifications and updates in CNS tumor biology. As a result, some of these obsolete tumor types may no longer be considered relevant in modern diagnostic practices.

References:

• [10] - Ganglioglioma characteristics
• [12] - Overview of CNS tumor classification changes
• [15] - Differential diagnosis for HGNET BCOR