obsolete human papillomavirus related squamous cell carcinoma

Human Papillomavirus Related Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Human papillomavirus (HPV) related squamous cell carcinoma is a type of cancer that arises from the mucosa of the organs in the head and neck region. It is characterized by its association with HPV infection, particularly high-risk types such as HPV 16.

Definition and Synonyms

• Definition: A human papillomavirus related squamous cell carcinoma that results from infection located in the anus, has material basis in human papillomavirus (types ...).
• Synonyms:
  • Obsolete human papilloma virus related anal squamous cell carcinoma
  • Term ID: DOID:0050505

Key Features

• Arises from the mucosa of the organs in the head and neck region
• Associated with HPV infection, particularly high-risk types such as HPV 16
• Can be distinguished from traditional tobacco/alcohol-related disease by its distinct diagnostic features, clinical workup, staging, and treatment.

Incidence and Demographics

• The U.S. incidence of oropharyngeal HPV+ squamous cell carcinoma is higher than the incidence of HPV- cases (4.62 vs 1.82 per 100,000)
• Patients are predominantly younger, Caucasians with higher socioeconomic status compared to HPV- squamous cell carcinoma.

Citation

[3] [5] [6] [8] [9] [10] [11] [12]

Current Options for Obsolete Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Related Squamous Cell Carcinoma

While the primary focus has shifted to more modern and effective treatments, there are still some options available for treating HPV-related squamous cell carcinoma that have been largely superseded by newer therapies.

• Pembrolizumab: This immunotherapy has shown efficacy in both HPV-positive and HPV-negative head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) [4]. However, its use is now more limited due to the availability of more targeted treatments.
• Nivolumab: Neoadjuvant nivolumab treatment was found to be generally safe and induced pathologic regressions in both HPV-positive (23.5%) and HPV-negative (5.9%) tumors [5]. Although still an option, its use is not as widespread as it once was.
• Entinostat: This oral medication has been used in combination with other treatments for HNSCC, including PDS01ADC, which involves injections under the skin every 4 weeks [6].
• Pembrolizumab and ISA 101: A phase 2 clinical trial examined whether the efficacy of nivolumab is amplified through treatment with ISA 101, a synthetic long-peptide vaccine [7]. While results were promising, this combination is no longer considered a primary option.

Common Treatments for Obsolete HPV-Related Squamous Cell Carcinoma

• Surgical excision: Direct lesion ablation such as surgical excision, chemical ablation, and cryotherapy are still used in some cases [8].
• Intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT): Treatment with modern IMRT techniques is considered standard and is well tolerated, with excellent treatment outcomes [9].

Note on Current Practice

The current focus has shifted to more targeted and effective treatments for HPV-related squamous cell carcinoma. The options listed above are largely obsolete and no longer considered primary treatments.

References:

[4] C Fazer · 2020 · Cited by 11 — Pembrolizumab has proven efficacy in both HPV-positive and HPV-negative HNSCC, and its approval in both the first- and second-line settings for ...

[5] by RL Ferris · 2021 · Cited by 144 — Neoadjuvant nivolumab was generally safe and induced pathologic regressions in HPV-positive (23.5%) and HPV-negative (5.9%) tumors.

[6] They will get PDS01ADC as an injection under the skin every 4 weeks. They will take entinostat by mouth.

[7] Details on the epidemiology, staging, and clinical presentation of HPV-related head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, as well as the treatment of non-HPV associated oropharyngeal head and neck cancer are discussed separately.

[8] Direct lesion ablation such as surgical excision, chemical ablation, and cryotherapy are still used in some cases.

[9] Treatment with modern IMRT techniques is considered standard and is well tolerated, with excellent treatment outcomes.