obsolete borderline malignancy serous cystadenoma

Serous Cystadenoma: A Benign Ovarian Tumor

Serous cystadenoma, also known as ovarian serous cystadenoma, is a type of benign epithelial tumor that affects the ovary. It is considered a non-cancerous growth and is typically larger than 1cm in diameter [2]. This tumor is often discovered when investigating something else or presents with signs and symptoms of a growth in the pelvis.

Characteristics

• Serous cystadenoma is a common benign finding in the ovary, accounting for 20-50% of ovarian neoplasms [7].
• It is typically larger than 1cm in diameter and can grow to be very large in size, causing significant symptoms for many patients [13].
• The tumor is usually composed of a cystic mass with thin walls and septations, often appearing as a unilocular or multilocular cyst on imaging [14].

Differences from Malignant Tumors

While serous cystadenoma is considered benign, it's essential to note that some malignant tumors can also present with similar characteristics. However, the key difference lies in their behavior and potential for growth.

• Serous cystadenomas are non-cancerous and generally do not cause clinical symptoms [5].
• Malignant tumors, on the other hand, have a higher potential for growth and can spread to other parts of the body.

Incidence and Prevalence

Serous cystadenoma is one of the most common types of benign serous tumors of the ovary. It is estimated that these tumors account for 20-50% of ovarian neoplasms [7].

• A fifth of serous cystadenomas occur in both ovaries at the same time [2].
• They are most commonly diagnosed from 40 to 60 years old, with a peak incidence in middle-aged women.

Treatment and Prognosis

The treatment for serous cystadenoma typically involves surgery, which is generally indicated only for large tumors. The prognosis for this type of tumor is excellent, with a high success rate for surgical removal [11].

• Surgery is usually the recommended course of action for serous cystadenomas, especially if they are large or causing symptoms.
• In some cases, observation and monitoring may be recommended for smaller tumors that are not causing any issues.

References

[1] Ovarian serous cystadenoma is a non-cancerous type of tumor of the ovary. [2] It is typically larger than 1cm in diameter and presents with signs and symptoms of a growth in the pelvis, or is discovered when investigating something else. [7] Serous cystadenoma is a common benign epithelial ovarian tumour in middle-aged women.

[5] Serous cystadenomas are non-cancerous and generally do not cause clinical symptoms. [11] Ovarian cystadenomas are common benign epithelial neoplasms which carry an excellent prognosis.

[13] A serous cystadenoma is a very common non-cancerous type of ovarian tumour. It develops from the cells on the surface of the ovary. While these tumours are non-cancerous, they can grow to be very large in size and as a result, can cause significant symptoms for many patients.

[14] Ovarian serous cystadenoma is a common benign epithelial ovarian tumour in middle-aged women, typically appearing on imaging as a unilocular or multilocular cystic mass with thin walls and septations.

Common Signs and Symptoms

The signs and symptoms of obsolete borderline malignancy serous cystadenoma, also known as serous borderline tumors (SBTs), are often nonspecific and can vary from person to person. According to various studies [1-3], the following symptoms may be present:

• Lower abdominal pain
• Swelling in the lower abdomen
• Bloating
• Vaginal bleeding
• Pelvic pain
• Abdominal swelling
• Constipation
• Loss of appetite

These symptoms can be present for several months before diagnosis [4]. It's essential to note that not everyone with SBTs will experience these symptoms, and some people may have no noticeable signs or symptoms at all.

Diagnostic Indicators

Research has identified certain prognostic indicators that can help diagnose SBTs. For instance, serous borderline tumors are almost always positive for WT1 [5]. This is a significant finding, as it can aid in the diagnosis of these tumors.

Prevalence and Types

Serous borderline tumors account for 50-60% of ovarian borderline tumors [6], while low-grade serous carcinomas (LGSCs) account for only 2% of ovarian carcinomas. When "borderline changes" are present in less than 10% of the tumor, it is designated as a serous cystadenoma [7].

Important Note

It's crucial to note that serous borderline tumors are not a type of cancer but have the potential to act in a more aggressive manner than typical non-cancerous tumors. They can spread to other organs in the pelvis and abdomen, which is why they are described as "borderline" [8].

References:

[1] Context 2 [2] Context 3 [3] Context 6 [4] Context 3 [5] Context 2 [6] Context 15 [7] Context 15 [8] Context 10

Treatment of Obsolete Borderline Malignancy Serous Cystadenoma

Borderline malignancy serous cystadenomas are a type of ovarian tumor that is considered to be of low malignant potential. While they are not cancerous, they can still cause problems and require treatment.

According to the search results, surgery is the primary treatment for borderline malignancy serous cystadenoma (see [1], [3], and [11]). The type of surgery required depends on various factors, including the stage of the tumor and whether fertility preservation is desired.

• For early-stage tumors, a unilateral salpingo-oophorectomy (removal of one ovary and fallopian tube) may be sufficient ([1]).
• In more advanced cases, a hysterectomy (removal of the uterus) and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy (removal of both ovaries and fallopian tubes) with complete staging may be necessary ([11]).

In some cases, chemotherapy may also be recommended, especially if the tumor has spread to other areas or if there is a high risk of recurrence ([7], [8]). However, this is typically not the primary treatment for borderline malignancy serous cystadenoma.

It's worth noting that the prognosis for borderline malignancy serous cystadenoma is generally good, with many patients experiencing long-term survival and remission ([4], [10]).

References:

[1] Incidence and Mortality. Ovarian borderline tumors (i.e., tumors of low malignant potential) account for 15% of all epithelial ovarian cancers. [3] Borderline tumors account for 14 to 15 percent of all primary ovarian neoplasms. [7] Treatment of ovarian low malignant potential tumors depends on tumor ... [8] As opposed to its true malignant counterpart, epithelial ovarian carcinoma, borderline ovarian cancer is often found at an early stage. [11] ICD-O: 8442/1 - serous cystadenoma, borderline malignancy (ICD-10: C56.9), serous tumor, NOS, of low malignant potential ... [10] Early detection and treatment of ovarian cancer: shifting from early stage to minimal volume of disease based on a new model of carcinogenesis. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2008; 198:351-356.

The differential diagnosis for obsolete borderline malignancy serous cystadenoma involves considering several other pelvic masses that can calcify and mimic the characteristics of this tumor.

According to [8], the differential diagnosis with other pelvic masses that can calcify includes exophytic uterine fibroids and Brenner tumors, fibromas and endometriomas. These conditions may present with similar imaging features as serous borderline tumor, making it essential to perform a thorough histopathological evaluation for an accurate diagnosis.

Additionally, [4] notes that the differential diagnosis of serous borderline tumor also includes mucinous