obsolete papillary follicular thyroid adenocarcinoma

Symptoms of Papillary and Follicular Thyroid Cancer

Papillary and follicular thyroid cancer often do not show symptoms in their early stages [6]. However, as the tumor grows, patients may experience a range of symptoms. These can include:

• A lump or mass on the neck, which can be solid, firm, and growing larger [7]
• Difficulty swallowing (dysphagia) due to pressure on the upper laryngeal nerve [14]
• Changes to the voice
• Difficulty breathing

It's essential to note that these symptoms are not unique to papillary and follicular thyroid cancer and can be caused by other conditions. A proper diagnosis can only be made through medical examination and testing.

Stages of Papillary Thyroid Cancer

Papillary thyroid cancer varies in its aggressiveness, with some cases being more severe than others [8]. The American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) uses the TNM system to classify the stages of papillary thyroid cancer. Stage 1 is the least severe, where the cancer is contained within the thyroid gland or surrounding lymph nodes.

Differences between Papillary and Follicular Thyroid Cancer

While both papillary and follicular thyroid cancers are well-differentiated, they have distinct characteristics [4]. Papillary thyroid cancer tends to grow more slowly than follicular thyroid cancer. However, follicular carcinoma is more aggressive and can spread to other areas of the body.

Treatment and Prognosis

Fortunately, both papillary and follicular thyroid cancers are highly treatable and usually curable when caught early [12]. Treatment options may include surgery, radioactive iodine therapy, or a combination of these approaches. The prognosis for patients with well-differentiated thyroid cancer is generally good, especially if the cancer is detected at an early stage.

References:

[4] - Context result 4 [6] - Context result 6 [7] - Context result 7 [8] - Context result 8 [12] - Context result 12 [14] - Context result 14

Based on the provided context, it appears that there are limited treatment options available for advanced or metastatic papillary and follicular thyroid cancer.

According to search result [4], total thyroidectomy is recommended for optimal treatment with radioactive iodine (RAI). However, for patients with advanced follicular thyroid carcinoma (FTC), treatment is based primarily on indirect evidence obtained with multikinase inhibitors (MKI) in clinical trials [2][8].

Multikinase inhibitors have been used to treat advanced FTC, but the effectiveness of this treatment approach is not well established. In fact, a study found that rates of follicular thyroid cancer actually decreased between 1982 and 2012, while rates of papillary thyroid cancer were increasing [10]. This suggests that there may be other factors at play in the development and progression of these cancers.

In terms of drug treatment specifically for obsolete papillary follicular thyroid adenocarcinoma, it's worth noting that this term is not commonly used in medical literature. However, based on the context provided, it appears that surgery (total thyroidectomy) followed by radioactive iodine therapy may be a common treatment approach for these types of cancers.

Here are some key points to consider:

• Total thyroidectomy with minimal thyroid remnant remaining is recommended for optimal treatment with RAI [3].
• Multikinase inhibitors have been used to treat advanced FTC, but the effectiveness of this treatment approach is not well established [2][8].
• Rates of follicular thyroid cancer actually decreased between 1982 and 2012, while rates of papillary thyroid cancer were increasing [10].

References:

[2] Dias D. Treatment of advanced follicular thyroid carcinoma (FTC) is based primarily on indirect evidence obtained with multikinase inhibitors (MKI) in clinical trials. [3] PDQATE Board. Total thyroidectomy is recommended for optimal treatment with RAI, with minimal thyroid remnant remaining. [8] Dias D. Treatment of advanced follicular thyroid carcinoma (FTC) is based primarily on indirect evidence obtained with multikinase inhibitors (MKI) in clinical trials. [10] In a report from Poland, rates of follicular thyroid cancer actually decreased between 1982 and 2012, a time during which rates of papillary thyroid cancer were increasing.

Based on the provided context, it appears that differential diagnosis for papillary and follicular thyroid carcinomas can be challenging due to overlapping cytologic features among these tumors.

• Lymphocytic thyroiditis with reactive nuclear changes: This condition can mimic the nuclear features of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) [5]. The nuclei in lymphocytic thyroiditis are often described as having a "ground-glass" appearance, which can be similar to the nuclei found in PTC.
• Follicular adenoma (FA): FA is a benign tumor that can have overlapping cytologic features with follicular carcinoma (FC) and papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). The diagnosis of FA is often made by pathologic examination following complete surgical resection [8].
• Follicular carcinoma (FC): FC is a malignant tumor that can be difficult to distinguish from PTC based on cytologic features alone. The diagnosis of FC is often made by pathologic examination following complete surgical resection [8].

To accurately diagnose papillary and follicular thyroid carcinomas, it is essential to consider the clinical context, imaging findings, and histopathological features.

• Immunohistochemistry: Immunohistochemistry can be used to narrow the differential diagnoses and reflect the progression of tumor. However, its accuracy in diagnosing PTC and FC is still a topic of debate [6].
• Interobserver and intraobserver variation: There is significant interobserver and intraobserver variation among experts in the diagnosis of thyroid follicular lesions with borderline nuclear features of papillary carcinoma [9].

In conclusion, differential diagnosis for obsolete papillary follicular thyroid adenocarcinoma can be challenging due to overlapping cytologic features among these tumors. A comprehensive approach that considers clinical context, imaging findings, histopathological features, and immunohistochemistry is essential for accurate diagnosis.

References:

[5] - The nuclei in lymphocytic thyroiditis are often described as having a "ground-glass" appearance, which can be similar to the nuclei found in PTC. [8] - The diagnosis of FA, FC, and FVPTC is mostly obtained by pathologic examination following complete surgical resection. [9] - There is significant interobserver and intraobserver variation among experts in the diagnosis of thyroid follicular lesions with borderline nuclear features of papillary carcinoma.