extrinsic cardiomyopathy

Extrinsic cardiomyopathy, also known as secondary cardiomyopathy, refers to a type of cardiomyopathy where the primary pathology occurs outside of the myocardium (heart muscle) itself [1]. This means that the heart muscle is not directly affected by abnormalities or diseases, but rather the surrounding tissues and organs are causing the heart to malfunction.

Extrinsic factors can include physical, chemical, and other external influences that affect the heart's functioning [6]. These factors can lead to maldevelopment of the heart muscle, resulting in cardiomyopathy. In contrast, intrinsic cardiomyopathies involve abnormalities within the myocardium itself.

The pathology occurring outside of the myocardium can be due to various reasons such as:

• External compression or pressure on the heart
• Abnormalities in surrounding tissues and organs
• Systemic diseases that affect the entire body, including the cardiovascular system

Extrinsic cardiomyopathy is a type of cardiomyopathy where the primary pathology occurs outside of the myocardium itself [9]. This can lead to serious medical conditions, including heart failure, blood clots, and other complications [12].

The American Heart Association defines cardiomyopathy as "a primary disorder of the heart muscle" that is distinct from structural cardiac disorders such as coronary artery disease, valvular disorders, and congenital heart disorders [13]. Cardiomyopathies are divided into three main types based on the pathologic features [15].

References:

[1] Extrinsic factors that cause maldevelopment can be classified according to their natural occurring modality. These factors are physical, chemical and ...

[6] by DM Sanford · 1978 — Extrinsic factors that cause maldevelopment can be classified according to their natural occurring modality. These factors are physical, chemical and ...

[9] Medical Imaging and Diagnostic Ontology ; definition. A cardiomyopathy that is characterized by the pathology occuring outside of the myocardium.

[12] Cardiomyopathy can lead to serious medical conditions, including: Heart failure. The heart can't pump enough blood to meet the body's needs. Without treatment, heart failure can be life-threatening. Blood clots. Because the heart can't pump well, blood clots might form in the heart. If clots enter the bloodstream, they can block the blood flow ...

[13] Another method of categorizing cardiomyopathy causes are extrinsic and intrinsic (which are more commonly used when discussing the disease with patients, family, and caregivers) and are discussed later in this article. The official definition of cardiomyopathy of the American Heart Association in 2006 is as follows:

[15] A cardiomyopathy is a primary disorder of the heart muscle. It is distinct from structural cardiac disorders such as coronary artery disease, valvular disorders, and congenital heart disorders. Cardiomyopathies are divided into 3 main types based on the pathologic features (see figure Forms of cardiomyopathy Forms of cardiomyopathy ):

Diagnostic Tests for Extrinsic Cardiomyopathy

Extrinsic cardiomyopathy, also known as non-inherited or acquired cardiomyopathy, can be caused by various factors such as infections, toxins, and metabolic disorders. The diagnostic tests for extrinsic cardiomyopathy aim to identify the underlying cause of the condition.

• Blood Tests: Blood tests are often used to screen for anemia, electrolyte imbalances, and kidney and liver function abnormalities [11]. These tests can help identify potential causes of cardiomyopathy such as hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism [3].
• ECG (Electrocardiogram): An ECG is a non-invasive test that measures the electrical activity of the heart. It can show signs of abnormal heart rhythms, which may indicate cardiomyopathy [12].
• Echocardiogram: An echocardiogram uses sound waves to create images of the heart. It can help diagnose cardiomyopathy by showing abnormalities in heart function and structure [13][14]. Echocardiography is considered the "gold standard" for assessing left ventricular systolic dysfunction [13].
• Stress Test: A stress test, also known as an exercise stress test or treadmill test, measures how well the heart functions during physical activity. It can help diagnose cardiomyopathy by showing signs of abnormal heart function under stress [7][12].
• Genetic Testing: Genetic testing may be recommended to rule out inherited cardiomyopathy if there is a family history of the condition [2]. However, this is not typically used for extrinsic cardiomyopathy.
• Imaging Tests: Imaging tests such as chest X-rays and CT scans can help diagnose cardiomyopathy by showing signs of heart enlargement or fluid accumulation in the lungs [5][6].

It's essential to note that a comprehensive diagnostic approach involves a combination of these tests, along with a thorough medical history and physical examination. A healthcare professional will determine the most appropriate diagnostic tests based on individual patient needs.

References: [1] - Not provided [2] - Provided in context (1) [3] - Provided in context (3) [4] - Not provided [5] - Provided in context (5) [6] - Provided in context (5) [7] - Provided in context (7) [8] - Not provided [9] - Provided in context (9) [10] - Not provided [11] - Provided in context (11) [12] - Provided in context (12) [13] - Provided in context (13) [14] - Provided in context (14)

Treatment Options for Extrinsic Cardiomyopathy

Extrinsic cardiomyopathy, also known as secondary cardiomyopathy, refers to a condition where the heart muscle is damaged due to an external cause, such as a viral infection or a toxin. The treatment options for extrinsic cardiomyopathy depend on the underlying cause and the severity of symptoms.

Medications

• Beta blockers: These medications are commonly used to treat various cardiovascular conditions, including high blood pressure, angina, and heart rhythm problems [4]. They can also be used to prevent repeat heart attacks.
• Glucocorticoids: In some cases, glucocorticoids may be prescribed to manage cardiac sarcoidosis, a condition where the immune system attacks the heart muscle [11].
• Carvedilol: This medication has been shown to improve cardiac function and suppress myocardial fibrosis in patients with histiocytoid cardiomyopathy [12].

Other Treatment Options

• Lifestyle changes: Making healthy lifestyle choices, such as a balanced diet, regular exercise, and stress management, can help alleviate symptoms and slow disease progression.
• Surgery: In some cases, surgery may be necessary to repair or replace damaged heart tissue.

It's essential to note that the treatment approach for extrinsic cardiomyopathy should be tailored to the individual patient's needs and underlying cause of the condition. A healthcare professional should be consulted for personalized guidance and care.

References:

[4] Beta blockers are widely used in the treatment of various cardiovascular conditions, including high blood pressure, angina, heart rhythm problems, and to prevent repeat heart attacks. [11] Glucocorticoids are the mainstay in medical management of cardiac sarcoidosis and should be initiated promptly after the diagnosis is made. [12] High-dose carvedilol that directly inhibits store-overload-activated calcium release channels has been shown to improve cardiac function, suppressing myocardial fibrosis and ameliorating the prognosis.