obsolete extraskeletal cartilaginous and osseous tumor

Based on your query, I will provide an informative response about obsolete extraskeletal cartilaginous and osseous tumors.

Definition and Classification

Extraskeletal cartilaginous and osseous (ECO) tumors are a rare type of neoplasm that originates from cartilage or bone outside the skeletal system. These tumors were previously classified as a distinct entity, but they have been largely replaced by more modern classifications such as the World Health Organization (WHO) classification of soft tissue tumors.

Characteristics and Behavior

ECO tumors can arise in various locations, including the skin, subcutaneous tissue, muscle, and organs like the lung or liver. They are typically benign, but some cases have been reported to be malignant [1]. The tumors are composed of cartilaginous or osseous elements, which can vary in their histological appearance.

Clinical Presentation

The clinical presentation of ECO tumors can range from asymptomatic masses to painful lesions that cause discomfort and functional impairment. Some patients may experience systemic symptoms like fever, weight loss, or fatigue [2].

Diagnostic Challenges

Diagnosing ECO tumors can be challenging due to their rarity and overlapping histological features with other soft tissue neoplasms. A combination of clinical, radiological, and histopathological findings is often required for an accurate diagnosis.

Treatment and Prognosis

The treatment of ECO tumors typically involves surgical excision, which may be curative in many cases [3]. However, the prognosis can vary depending on the tumor's behavior, location, and patient-specific factors.

In summary, obsolete extraskeletal cartilaginous and osseous tumors are rare neoplasms that have been largely replaced by more modern classifications. They can arise in various locations, exhibit benign or malignant behavior, and present with a range of clinical features. Accurate diagnosis requires a multidisciplinary approach, and treatment typically involves surgical excision.

References:

[1] Enzinger, F. M., & Weiss, S. W. (1995). Soft tissue tumors. Mosby.

[2] Fletcher, C. D. M., et al. (2002). World Health Organization Classification of Tumours: Pathology and Genetics of Tumours of Soft Tissue and Bone. IARC Press.

[3] Montgomery, E., & Goldblum, J. R. (2010). Atlas of tumor pathology: Tumors of the soft tissues and bone. American Registry of Pathology.

Based on the provided context, here are the signs and symptoms of obsolete extraskeletal cartilaginous and osseous tumors:

• Initial growing phase: The tumors are normally asymptomatic during their initial growing phase.
• Common locations: The regular locations for these tumors include:
  • Thigh (almost 50% of the time)
  • Buttocks
  • Shoulder
  • Torso
  • Abdominal cavity

These symptoms and signs are mentioned in search results [11] and [12].

It's worth noting that extraskeletal osteosarcoma is a rare variant of osteosarcoma located in soft tissue and organs, which represents less than 1% of all de novo cases.

Based on the provided context, it appears that you are looking for diagnostic tests for obsolete extraskeletal cartilaginous and osseous tumors.

Computed Tomography (CT) and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) [3][5] Computed tomography (CT) scans and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can help in diagnosing these types of tumors. CT scans are useful in defining cortical irregularities, fracture sites, mineralization, and neurovascular involvement [37]. MRI helps to cover all aspects, including the extent of tumor spread.

Biopsy A biopsy is a diagnostic procedure that involves taking a sample of tissue from the tumor for examination under a microscope. Core needle biopsy or open surgical biopsy can be used to diagnose osteosarcoma [7][4]. However, some experts consider biopsy contraindicated due to the increased risk of secondary osteomyelitis, which can be difficult to treat [8].

Plain Radiography Plain radiography is the preferred diagnostic test for bone tumors. It helps in identifying cartilage-producing tumors and should prompt quick referral to a cancer center for multidisciplinary care [14]. The differential diagnosis mostly depends on the review of conventional radiographs and the age of the patient.

Other Diagnostic Tests In addition to CT, MRI, biopsy, and plain radiography, other diagnostic tests may be used depending on the specific type of tumor. For example, cartilage-forming tumors can sometimes display overlapping histologic features with enchondroma and osteochondroma [11].

It's worth noting that the diagnosis of gnathic chondrosarcoma requires a thorough search to exclude tumour osteoid deposition which is pathognomonic for osteosarcoma [2].

The differential diagnosis of extraskeletal cartilaginous and osseous tumors involves a range of conditions that can mimic the presentation of these rare neoplasms.

Common Differential Diagnoses

• Myositis ossificans: A benign condition characterized by the formation of bone within muscle tissue, which can be radiologically similar to extraskeletal cartilaginous and osseous tumors.
• Fibro-osseous lesions: A group of conditions that include fibrous dysplasia, osteofibrous dysplasia, and other related entities, which can present with overlapping clinical and imaging features.
• Soft tissue sarcomas: Malignant tumors of soft tissue origin, including leiomyosarcoma, liposarcoma, and others, which can be difficult to distinguish from extraskeletal cartilaginous and osseous tumors based on radiological findings alone.

Other Considerations

• Enchondromas: Benign cartilage-producing lesions that typically involve the long bones and appendicular skeleton, but can occasionally present in soft tissue.
• Osteochondromas: Benign cartilage-capped bone tumors that can occur in soft tissue, particularly in the context of osteochondromatosis or other related conditions.

Key Diagnostic Features

To establish a definitive diagnosis, it is essential to consider the following key features:

• Clinical presentation and history
• Radiological findings (e.g., imaging characteristics, location, and extent of disease)
• Histopathological examination (if available)

By carefully evaluating these factors, clinicians can arrive at an accurate differential diagnosis for extraskeletal cartilaginous and os