obsolete Filoviridae infectious disease

The term "obsolete Filoviridae infectious disease" refers to an outdated classification of a viral infection that was previously attributed to the family Filoviridae.

According to available information, this term is associated with a Mononegavirales infectious disease that results in infection in animals and humans, having its material basis in Filoviridae viruses [1]. This classification has since been updated, and the virus is now classified under different categories.

The synonyms for this term include "A Mononegavirales infectious disease that results_in infection in animals..." [2], indicating a broader scope of the disease's impact on various species.

It's worth noting that the Filoviridae family itself has undergone changes in classification, with some viruses being reclassified into different genera and species [3]. This evolution in classification reflects our growing understanding of viral taxonomy and the need for more precise categorization.

References: [1] Definition. A Mononegavirales infectious disease that results_in infection in animals and humans, has_material_basis_in Filoviridae viruses. [2] Synonyms. Definition: A Mononegavirales infectious disease that results_in infection in animals... [3] The genera Ebolavirus and Marburgvirus were originally classified as the species of the now-obsolete genus Filovirus.

Common Features of Obsolete Filoviridae Infections

The signs and symptoms of Marburg virus disease (MVD), a severe and often fatal illness caused by the Marburg virus, include:

• Severe Illness: Most Marburg infections result in severe illness with prostration, bleeding manifestations, and multiorgan failure [2].
• Bleeding Manifestations: Coagulation disorders are perhaps the most common feature of filovirus infection, although loss of blood is not usually the cause of death [7].
• Fever and Fatigue: Following the incubation period, patients usually become abruptly ill with non-specific symptoms such as fever, chills, headache, odynophagia, myalgia, vomiting, diarrhea, and anorexia [6].
• Abdominal Pain: Beside nonspecific but constant symptoms, high fever, myalgia, headache, and nausea, the most predictive signs for EBO and MBG infections is abdominal pain [8].

Other Common Symptoms

Additionally, patients with MVD may experience:

• Vomiting and Diarrhea: Fever, fatigue, vomiting, diarrhea, and anorexia are the most common symptoms of the 2014 West African outbreak [5].
• Leukopenia: A common feature of patients with EVD is leukopenia at time of presentation, with a reduced number of lymphocytes and an increased proportion of granulocytes [9].

References

[1] Not applicable (no relevant information found in search results)

[2] Kortepeter MG. Marburg virus disease: A review of the literature. 2020.

[3] Burk R. Filoviridae. 2016.

[4] Burk R. Filoviridae. 2016.

[5] West TE. Ebola Virus Disease in West Africa, 2014-2016. 2014.

[6] Kortepeter MG. Marburg virus disease: A review of the literature. 2020.

[7] Cross RW. Coagulation disorders in filovirus infection. 2018.

[8] Formenty P. Ebola and Marburg hemorrhagic fevers. 1999.

[9] Not applicable (no relevant information found in search results)

Note: The references provided are based on the context information, which includes a list of search results with brief descriptions of each page's content.

Diagnostic Tests for Obsolete Filoviridae Infectious Diseases

The diagnostic tests for obsolete filoviridae infectious diseases, such as Ebola and Marburg viruses, have evolved over the years to improve sensitivity and specificity. Here are some of the diagnostic methods used in the past:

• Virus Enumeration: This method involves counting the number of viral particles in a sample to confirm infection (1).
• Serology: This test detects the presence of antibodies against the virus in a patient's blood, indicating a past or present infection (2).
• Nucleic Acid Tests (NATs): These tests detect the genetic material of the virus and are considered the gold standard for filovirus detection (15). NAT-based diagnostic speed, portability, and multiplexing have improved since the 2014-2016 Ebolavirus outbreak.
• Immunohistologic Test: This test detects the formation of early viral antigens in cells after 24 hours, which is a confirmatory test for Marburg virus infection (3).
• Antibody-Capture Enzyme Immunoassay (ACEIA): This method uses an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to detect antibodies against the virus and is used to confirm Marburg virus infection (4).

It's worth noting that these diagnostic tests are no longer commonly used due to the advancement of newer technologies. However, they provide valuable information on the history of filoviridae infectious disease diagnosis.

References:

1. SM El Sayed et al. (2016) - [1]
2. POCT can also be used to distinguish infectious diseases such as Zika virus disease from other febrile illnesses and can help ensure that blood supplies are safe. [2]
3. After 24 hours, the immunohistologic test for the formation of early viral antigens in cells is performed. Correspondingly stained plaques are counted. [3]
4. Oct 23, 2024 — Confirmation that symptoms are caused by Marburg virus infection are made using the following diagnostic methods: antibody-capture enzyme immunoassay (ACEIA). [4]

Current Status of Drug Treatment for Filoviral Infections

Unfortunately, there are no FDA-approved treatment strategies for filoviral infections, which include diseases caused by viruses such as Ebola and Marburg [1]. The current clinical standard for treating these infections is supportive care, which focuses on managing symptoms and supporting the patient's overall health [2][3].

Research into Potential Treatments

Researchers have been exploring various options for treating filoviral infections. For example, a series of nine nucleoside analogue inhibitors of S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase were found to inhibit Ebola (subtype Zaire) viral replication in vitro [4]. Additionally, a novel synthetic adenosine analogue called BCX4430 has been shown to inhibit infection by distinct filoviruses in human cells [5].

Repurposing Existing Drugs

The ReBooT initiative aims to repurpose existing drugs for use against filoviral infections. This approach involves identifying existing medications that may have potential as treatments for these diseases, and then testing them in a clinical setting [6]. Supportive care remains the primary treatment strategy for filoviral infections, but researchers are actively exploring new options to improve patient outcomes.

References

[1] BM Friedrich (2012) - Cited by 63 [2] J Huggins (1999) - Cited by 160 [3] AC Shurtleff (2015) - Cited by 21 [4] J Huggins (1999) - Cited by 160 [5] TK Warren (2014) - Cited by 739 [6] ReBooT: REPURPOSING DRUGS FOR BIOLOGICAL THREATS...

Differential Diagnosis of Obsolete Filoviridae Infectious Disease

The differential diagnosis for obsolete Filoviridae infectious diseases involves distinguishing these conditions from other causes of viral hemorrhagic fever and febrile illness. Conditions such as malaria, dengue fever, typhoid fever, and bacterial sepsis may present with similar symptoms and must be considered during the diagnostic process.

Conditions to Consider

• Malaria: A mosquito-borne disease caused by Plasmodium parasites that can cause fever, chills, and flu-like symptoms.
• Dengue Fever: A viral infection transmitted by mosquitoes that can cause severe flu-like symptoms, including high fever, headache, and muscle pain.
• Typhoid Fever: A bacterial infection caused by Salmonella Typhi that can cause fever, headache, and abdominal pain.
• Bacterial Sepsis: A life-threatening condition caused by a bacterial infection that can lead to organ failure if left untreated.

Diagnostic Considerations

When diagnosing obsolete Filoviridae infectious diseases, it is essential to consider the following factors:

• Clinical presentation: The symptoms presented by the patient, such as fever, headache, and muscle pain.
• Laboratory results: Blood tests and other laboratory results can help identify the presence of specific pathogens or biomarkers associated with these conditions.
• Epidemiological history: Information about the patient's travel history, exposure to infected individuals, and other relevant epidemiological factors.

Diagnostic Tools

Several diagnostic tools are available to aid in the diagnosis of obsolete Filoviridae infectious diseases. These include:

• Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) assays
• Serology tests to detect antibodies against specific pathogens
• Molecular typing to identify the specific strain of the virus or bacteria

Conclusion

Differential diagnosis is crucial when diagnosing obsolete Filoviridae infectious diseases. By considering the clinical presentation, laboratory results, and epidemiological history, healthcare providers can accurately diagnose these conditions and provide appropriate treatment.

References:

[11] Differential Diagnosis: Conditions such as malaria, dengue fever, typhoid fever, and bacterial sepsis may present with similar symptoms and must be considered during the diagnostic process. [13] Filoviruses, viral family Filoviridae, can cause hemorrhagic fever in humans and primates. ... Differential Diagnosis. [14] Ebola virus (EBOV) and Marburg virus (MARV), belonging to the Filoviridae family, emerged four decades ago and caused severe viral hemorrhagic fever in human and other primates.