anterior cranial fossa meningioma

Anterior Cranial Fossa Meningioma: An Overview

Meningiomas of the anterior cranial fossa (ACF) are a type of tumor that develops from the meninges, the protective membrane surrounding the brain and spinal cord. These tumors are relatively rare, accounting for 12-20% of all intracranial meningiomas [1][2].

Characteristics

Anterior cranial fossa meningiomas can arise in various locations within the ACF, including the olfactory groove, planum sphenoidale, and orbitofrontal regions. They are often large at presentation and can cause a range of symptoms, including impaired vision (54%), headache (48%), anosmia, and personality changes [12].

Classification

Meningiomas of the anterior cranial fossa can be classified into different subtypes based on their location and characteristics. The most common subtypes include olfactory groove, planum sphenoidale, and orbitofrontal meningiomas [3].

Risk Factors

While the exact cause of anterior cranial fossa meningiomas is unknown, several risk factors have been identified, including female hormones, which may play a role in their development. Radiation therapy to the head has also been linked to an increased risk of developing a meningioma [10].

Treatment Options

Surgical resection is often the primary treatment for anterior cranial fossa meningiomas. The goal of surgery is to achieve gross total resection (GTR) of the tumor, dural attachment, and involved bone [12]. Minimally invasive approaches, such as the supraorbital key-hole approach, have also been developed to minimize tissue damage and promote faster recovery [15].

References

[1] Morales-Valero SF. Meningiomas of the anterior cranial fossa: a review. 2014.

[2] Salunke P. Anterior cranial fossa meningiomas: a heterogeneous group of lesions. 2024.

[3] Morales-Valero SF. Meningiomas of the anterior cranial fossa: classification and treatment options. 2014.

[10] Rubin G. Radiation therapy and meningioma risk. 1994.

[12] Plou P. Anterior cranial fossa anatomy and pathology. 2023.

[15] Iacoangeli M, et al. Minimally invasive supraorbital key-hole approach for anterior cranial fossa meningiomas. 2016.

Common Signs and Symptoms of Anterior Cranial Fossa Meningioma

Anterior cranial fossa meningiomas are a type of brain tumor that grows in the front part of the skull. The symptoms associated with this condition can vary depending on the size and location of the tumor, but here are some common signs and symptoms:

• Blurry vision: This is one of the most common symptoms of anterior cranial fossa meningioma, as the tumor can press on the optic nerve and affect vision [9].
• Headaches: Headaches are a frequent symptom of this type of meningioma, often described as dull or throbbing in nature [9].
• Sinus congestion: The tumor can cause congestion in the sinuses, leading to symptoms such as nasal stuffiness, facial pain, and pressure in the face [9].
• Facial pain: Pain in the face, particularly around the eyes and forehead, is a common symptom of anterior cranial fossa meningioma [9].

These symptoms are often gradual in onset and may be mistaken for other conditions such as sinusitis or migraines. However, if you experience any of these symptoms, it's essential to consult with a healthcare professional for proper evaluation and diagnosis.

References:

• [9] Symptoms of tumors in the anterior cranial fossa​​
• [10] Since the tumor is slow-growing, symptoms tend to develop over a long period of time. Depending on the size and location of the tumor and which part of the brain or spine is affected, symptoms will vary.
• [14] Signs and symptoms of a meningioma typically begin gradually and may be very subtle at first. Depending on where in the brain or, rarely, spine the tumor is situated, signs and symptoms may include:

Diagnostic Tests for Anterior Cranial Fossa Meningioma

Anterior cranial fossa meningiomas are typically diagnosed using a combination of imaging tests and physical examinations.

• Imaging Tests: Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) scans are the most effective diagnostic tool for detecting meningiomas, including those in the anterior cranial fossa. MRI can demonstrate tumor vascularity, arterial encasement, venous sinus invasion, and the relationship between the tumor and surrounding structures [5].
• Computed Tomography (CT) Scans: While not as sensitive as MRI, CT scans may be used to detect meningiomas in the anterior cranial fossa, particularly if an MRI is contraindicated or unavailable.
• Physical Examination: A thorough physical examination by a healthcare provider can help identify symptoms and signs associated with meningioma, such as visual disturbances, seizures, or cognitive changes [6].
• Neurological Examination: A neurological examination may also be performed to assess the patient's mental status, cranial nerves, and motor function.

Key Diagnostic Features

• MRI is the most accurate imaging modality for delineating tumor extent and relationship with surrounding structures.
• Meningiomas in the anterior cranial fossa are often found along the dural lining in the venous sinuses of the brain and skull base [7].
• A combination of imaging tests and physical examinations can help diagnose meningioma and determine its grade, location, and potential for recurrence.

References

[1] Meningioma grades are based on the tumor location, meningioma type, spread and potential for the tumor to remain after surgery. (Context 1) [4] Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans effectively detect most meningiomas and are best at displaying details of the brain. (Context 4) [5] MRI can demonstrate tumor vascularity, arterial encasement, venous sinus invasion, and the relationship

Treatment Options for Anterior Cranial Fossa Meningiomas

Anterior cranial fossa meningiomas are a type of brain tumor that can be challenging to treat. While surgery is often the primary treatment option, drug treatment may also be considered in certain cases.

• Chemotherapy: Chemotherapy is rarely used to treat meningiomas, including those located in the anterior cranial fossa (1). However, it may be considered when the tumor doesn't respond to surgery and radiation.
• Targeted therapies: Researchers are studying targeted approaches, such as V