obsolete porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome

Obsolete Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome

The term "obsolete porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome" refers to an outdated classification of a viral disease that affects pigs. This disease is now commonly known as Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome (PRRS).

• The obsolete term was used in the past to describe a condition characterized by reproductive failures in sows and respiratory problems in growing pigs [

Clinical Signs and Symptoms of Obsolete Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) was a viral disease that affected pigs, causing significant economic losses in the swine industry. While it is still present today, its clinical signs and symptoms have been largely documented in older literature.

• Reproductive Failure: One of the hallmark signs of PRRS was late-term reproductive failure in sows, resulting in abortions or stillbirths [7].
• Respiratory Distress: The virus caused respiratory problems in piglets and growing pigs, leading to mild to moderate respiratory distress with minimal coughing [3].
• Anorexia and Fever: Sows often exhibited anorexia (loss of appetite) and fever a few days before aborting [4].
• Preweaning Mortality: High piglet mortality was another common sign of PRRS, particularly in the first week after birth [7].
• Respiratory Disease: The virus caused respiratory disease in pigs of all ages, ranging from mild to severe cases [12].

It's essential to note that these clinical signs and symptoms may not be as prevalent today due to advancements in veterinary care and management practices. However, PRRS remains a significant concern for the swine industry, and continued research is necessary to understand its impact on pig health.

References:

[3] - Mildto mod- erate respiratory distress with minimal coughing in nursery and grower pigs is the most common clinical sign in uncom- plicated endemic PRRS ...

[4] - The sows are often anorectic and feverish a few days before aborting. Concurrent respiratory disease and increased numbers of bacterial infections in the herd ...

[7] - Late-term reproductive failure in sows with transplacental transmission of the virus, preweaning mortality of piglets, respiratory distress, anorexia, and ...

Obsolete Diagnostic Tests for Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome (PRRS)

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) is a viral disease that affects pigs worldwide, causing significant economic losses in the swine industry. Over the years, various diagnostic tests have been developed to detect PRRS virus or antibodies against it. However, some of these tests have become obsolete due to advancements in technology, changes in virus characteristics, or lack of specificity.

Discontinued Diagnostic Tests

1. Serum Neutralization Test: A modified serum neutralization test was once used for detecting antibody to porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus in swine sera [3]. However, this test has been largely replaced by more sensitive and specific methods.

Differential Diagnosis of Obsolete Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) has undergone significant changes over the years, with various names and designations being used to describe the disease. As a result, differential diagnosis for obsolete PRRS can be complex.

Historical Designations of PRRS

The disease was initially referred to as "swine mystery disease," "swine infertility and respiratory syndrome," "porcine epidemic abortion and respiratory syndrome," and "blue-eared pig disease" [11]. These designations were used in various parts of the world, reflecting the lack of understanding about the disease at that time.

Current Understanding of PRRS

Today, PRRS is recognized as a viral disease caused by porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) [2], [9]. The disease affects pigs of all ages, causing reproductive failure in breeding animals and respiratory distress in all age groups [7].

Differential Diagnosis for Obsolete PRRS

When diagnosing obsolete PRRS, it is essential to consider the following differential diagnoses:

• Porcine parvovirus: This virus can cause reproductive failure in pigs, making it a potential differential diagnosis for obsolete PRRS.
• Pseudorabies virus: This viral disease can also affect pigs of all ages, causing respiratory issues and reproductive problems.
• Brucellosis: This bacterial infection can cause reproductive failure in breeding animals, making it another potential differential diagnosis.

Key Considerations

When diagnosing obsolete PRRS, it is crucial to consider the following key factors:

• Clinical signs: The presence of reproductive failure and respiratory distress in pigs of all ages should raise suspicion for PRRS.
• Farm records: Analysis of farm records can provide valuable information about the disease's impact on the herd.
• Laboratory testing: Confirmatory laboratory tests, such as PCR or serology, are essential to confirm a diagnosis of PRRS.

References

[2] Li, J. (2024). [Cited by 2]. This review updates the current knowledge on PRRS vaccines' interactions with the host interferon system and other immunological aspects. [7] Raymond, et al. (2017). Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) is an infectious disease that affects pigs of all ages and is characterized by respiratory issues and reproductive failure in pigs. [9] Li, Y. (2014). [Cited by 169]. PRRS is characterized by reproductive failure in sows and respiratory diseases in all ages of pigs.

Note: The citations provided are based on the search results and may not reflect the most up-to-date information on the topic.