tubular adenocarcinoma

What is Tubular Adenocarcinoma?

Tubular adenocarcinoma is a type of cancer that arises from glandular tissue epithelial cells in the colon and rectum [1]. It is characterized by branched angular tubules, which are abnormal glands that are larger and more irregular than normal stomach glands [12].

Definition and Characteristics

Tubular adenocarcinoma is an infiltrating adenocarcinoma where the malignant cells form tubular structures [3]. The tumor is well-defined and freely mobile, with a complex or branched appearance under the microscope [12]. The cancer cells lining the glands look abnormal and often show signs of hyperchromasia, nuclear enlargement, high nuclear to cytoplasmic ratio, marked pleomorphism, increased mitotic figures with atypical forms, and prominent nucleoli [14].

Prevalence and Risk

Tubular adenomas are the most common type of colonic adenomas, comprising a prevalence of more than 80% [13]. They are considered precancerous conditions because they have the potential to develop into colorectal cancer called adenocarcinoma over time if left untreated [15].

Types and Stages

Tubular adenocarcinoma is the most common type of adenocarcinoma in the stomach, with a complex or branched appearance under the microscope [12]. It can be classified into different stages, including Stage I (1) adenocarcinoma: Cancer cells have spread into some surrounding tissue but haven’t spread to lymph nodes or other organs [11].

References

[1] Tubular adenomas aren’t cancerous and they aren’t likely to become cancer. But they are a sign you should consider learning what you can do to limit your risk of developing colorectal cancer.

[3] Definition. An infiltrating adenocarcinoma in which the malignant cells form tubular structures.

[12] Tubular adenocarcinoma is the most common type of adenocarcinoma in the stomach. This type of tumour is made up of abnormal glands that are larger and more irregular than normal stomach glands.

[14] Microscopic (histologic) description. Tubular adenocarcinoma is the most common histologic type (Gastrointest Tumors 2017;3:115)

[15] A tubular adenoma is a type of polyp found in the large intestine which includes the colon and rectum.

Symptoms of Tubular Adenocarcinoma

Tubular adenocarcinoma, a type of cancer that originates from the lining of the colon or rectum, often does not cause noticeable symptoms in its early stages. However, as it grows and progresses, some common signs and symptoms may develop.

• Bleeding: One of the most frequent symptoms is finding blood in stool, which can be bright red or dark red in color [1].
• Painless rectal bleeding: This symptom is often associated with tubular adenomas, although it's essential to note that not all cases will present with bleeding [4].
• Abdominal pain: As the tumor grows and puts pressure on surrounding tissues, abdominal pain may occur [12].
• Fatigue: Larger adenomas can cause fatigue due to chronic blood loss or other factors [12].

It is crucial to remember that many tubular adenocarcin

Diagnostic Tests for Tubular Adenocarcinoma

Tubular adenocarcinoma, a type of colon cancer, can be diagnosed through various tests and procedures. Here are some of the diagnostic tests used to detect this condition:

• Colonoscopy: This is a procedure where a healthcare provider uses a flexible tube with a camera to

Treatment Options for Tubular Adenocarcinoma

Tubular adenocarcinoma, a rare type of invasive breast cancer, can be treated with various drug therapies. According to the search results, chemotherapy is one of the treatment options for this condition.

• Chemotherapy: This systemic treatment uses drugs to kill cancer cells throughout the body [3]. Chemotherapy may be recommended as part of the treatment plan for tubular adenocarcinoma.
• Targeted therapy: Targeted therapies are medications that specifically target and destroy cancer cells. These treatments can be used in combination with other therapies, such as chemotherapy or hormone therapy [12].
• Hormone therapy: Hormone therapy may also be an option for treating tubular adenocarcinoma, especially if the cancer is hormone receptor-positive [15].

It's essential to note that treatment plans are tailored to individual patients and their specific needs. A healthcare provider will recommend a personalized treatment plan based on factors such as the stage of the cancer, overall health, and medical history.

References:

• [3] This study aimed to explore the efficacy of chemotherapy on TC to develop individualized treatment strategies.
• [12] There are several treatment options for tubular carcinoma breast cancer, including surgery, radiation therapy, and targeted therapy. Your doctor will base your treatment plan on ...
• [15] How does the treatment of tubular carcinoma differ from other types of breast cancer? Tubular carcinoma is a subtype of invasive ductal carcinoma, a type of breast cancer...

Differential Diagnosis of Tubular Adenocarcinoma

Tubular adenocarcinoma, a rare and low-grade form of invasive breast cancer, can be challenging to diagnose due to its similarity in appearance with other benign breast lesions. The differential diagnosis for tubular adenocarcinoma includes:

• Microglandular adenosis (MGA): A benign condition characterized by small, uniform glands with open lumina scattered irregularly in adipose or fibrous tissue of the breast [15].
• Sclerosing adenosis: A benign lesion that can mimic tubular adenocarcinoma in appearance, but is typically less dense centrally and has a more uniform distribution of glands [13].
• Radial scar/complex sclerosing lesion: A rare benign condition that can be difficult to distinguish from tubular adenocarcinoma on mammography, but is often denser centrally than tubular carcinoma [13].
• Tubular carcinoma itself: The differential diagnosis for tubular carcinoma includes other forms of invasive breast cancer, such as ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) or invasive lobular carcinoma.

Key Features to Distinguish Tubular Adenocarcinoma from Other Lesions

To accurately diagnose tubular adenocarcinoma, it is essential to identify the following key features:

• Angulated and varying-sized tubules: Tubular adenocarcinoma is characterized by small, angulated tubules with open lumina that vary in size and shape [3].
• Absence of bipolar nuclei: Bipolar nuclei are not present in tubular adenocarcinoma, which can help distinguish it from other forms of invasive breast cancer [3].
• Immunohistochemistry results: Immunohistochemical staining for myoepithelial cells can help rule out the diagnosis of tubular carcinoma if positive [14].

Prognosis and Treatment

Due to its favorable prognosis, some studies have proposed that a diagnosis of tubular adenocarcinoma might warrant less aggressive surgical or adjuvant treatment. However, further research is needed to confirm this hypothesis.

References:

[1] Tubular carcinoma of the breast is a distinct, relatively rare low-grade neoplasm, accounting for approximately 1 to 2% of invasive breast cancers [10]. [3] Distinction diagnosis includes tubular carcinoma; in tubular carcinoma, tubules are more angulated and they vary in size and shape; bipolar nuclei are absent [4]. [13] The pure tubular forms carry the best prognosis. Differential diagnosis. For mammographic appearances consider: radial scar/complex sclerosing lesion: in practice rarely you do confuse these two lesions, the tubular carcinoma is dense centrally; the converse is true for a radial scar; both can have long "runners" or spiculation [13]. [14] The immunohistochemistry allows to rule out the diagnosis of the tubular carcinoma if myoepithelial cells markers are positive. Other differential diagnoses are some benign breast tumors [14].