obsolete Actinobacillus infectious disease

Based on the provided context, it appears that there are several diseases caused by Actinobacillus bacteria that have been considered obsolete or less common in modern times.

Early Signs and Symptoms

• Salivation and some difficulty in eating may be observed, but inappetence and weight loss seldom are a problem in early cases [1].
• Excessive salivation and the inability to eat due to a very hard, diffusely swollen tongue (primary lesion associated with Actinobacillus infection in cattle) [1].

Other Obscure Symptoms

• Clear discharge from both eyes considered an early sign of infection [7].
• Sepsis and meningitis symptoms such as fever, headache, photophobia, neck stiffness, and severe drowsiness may occur in some cases [8].

Less Common Infections

• Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans can cause endocarditis, soft tissue abscesses, periodontal infections, and other uncommon syndromes [9].
• Actinomyces bacteria can also cause pulmonary actinomycosis, which may present with lobar pulmonary involvement or multifocal pneumonia [13].

Rare but Serious Infections

• Actinomycosis is a rare and potentially serious type of infectious bacterial disease that can pass through damaged body tissues inside the body, leading to swelling, inflammation, and multiple abscesses [14].
• The chronic form of actinomycosis has multiple abscesses that form sinus tracts and are associated with sulfur granules [15].

Please note that these symptoms may not be relevant or up-to-date in modern medical practice.

Based on the provided context, it appears that Actinobacillus is an outdated term for a type of bacteria, and the disease associated with it has been reclassified or renamed.

Current Diagnostic Techniques

According to search result [2], the current gold standard molecular diagnostic technique for identifying Actinomyces spp. (formerly known as Actinobacillus) is the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), typically targeting the species-specific ApxIV gene. However, this technique lacks sensitivity and requires expensive thermocycling machinery.

Other Diagnostic Methods

Search result [5] mentions that blood cultures can be used to diagnose Actinomyces spp., but they require incubation in CO2 for 2-3 weeks. Search result [8] notes that techniques such as nucleic acid amplification tests and mass spectroscopy are gaining use, allowing clinical laboratories to detect Actinomyces spp.

Limitations of Older Diagnostic Tests

Search results [9] and [12] highlight the limitations of older diagnostic tests for Actinobacillus infections. Serodiagnosis by detection of precipitating or other antibodies has not been a particularly useful diagnostic test, as mentioned in search result [12]. Similarly, search result [9] notes that current gold standard diagnostic techniques lack sensitivity and require expensive equipment.

Relevance to Obsolete Disease

It is essential to note that the disease associated with Actinobacillus has likely been reclassified or renamed. Search results [10], [11], and [14] discuss actinomycosis, a rare chronic bacterial infection caused by Actinomyces spp., which shares some similarities with the obsolete Actinobacillus infectious disease.

Summary

In summary, while there are still some diagnostic methods available for identifying Actinomyces spp. (formerly known as Actinobacillus), they have limitations and are not considered gold standard techniques. The disease associated with Actinobacillus has likely been reclassified or renamed to actinomycosis.

References:

[2] OW Stringer · 2022 · Cited by 7 [5] JF Viallard · 2002 · Cited by 17 [8] PR Murray · 2012 · Cited by 23 [9] OW Stringer · 2022 · Cited by 7 [12] Funke G, von Graevenitz A. Infections due to Actinobacillus neuii (former "CDC coryneform group1" bacteria). Infection 1995;23:73-75. [14] Aggregatibacter (formerly Actinobacillus) actinomycetemcomitans is often among the coinfecting organisms.

Based on the provided context, it appears that Actinobacillus infections are a type of bacterial infection caused by various species of Actinomyces bacteria.

Historical Treatment Options

In the past, treatment for Actinobacillus infections involved the use of various antibiotics and antimicrobial agents. Some of these include:

• Tetracycline: This antibiotic was believed to have antibacterial activity against Actinobacillus (1).
• Metronidazole and amoxicillin combination: The combination of metronidazole and amoxicillin was found to be a valuable adjunct to mechanical therapy in treating Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans-associated infections (3).
• Sulfonamides, tetracycline, or ampicillin: These antibiotics may also be useful in treating severe A. lignieresii infections and can be used alone or in conjunction with iodine therapy (4).

Modern Treatment Options

While the context does not provide information on modern treatment options for Actinobacillus infections, it is worth noting that the disease itself has been largely replaced by other conditions.

However, if we were to look at the broader context of bacterial infections and their treatment, some commonly used agents for prevention and/or treatment include:

• Tiamulin
• Tulathromycin
• Chlortetracycline
• Ceftiofur
• Tilmicosin
• Florfenicol
• Enrofloxacin

These antibiotics may be effective against various bacterial infections, including those caused by Actinomyces bacteria.

Current Recommendations

It is essential to consult a healthcare provider for complete information about treatment options, including any risks or benefits regarding the use of medications. Patients must speak with a health care provider for complete information about their health, medical questions, and treatment options (10).

References:

(1) JW Kleinfelder · 2000 · Cited by 44 (3) AJ van Winkelhoff · 1989 · Cited by 473 (4) Not explicitly cited in the provided context but mentioned as a possible treatment option. (10) Provided context, point 10.

Based on the provided context, it appears that Actinobacillosis is an outdated term for a bacterial infection caused by various species of Actinobacillus. The differential diagnosis for this condition would involve considering other possible causes of similar symptoms.

According to search result [10], the differential diagnosis for Actinobacillus infections includes other bacterial and fungal granulomatous diseases. This suggests that healthcare professionals should consider a range of possibilities when diagnosing patients with symptoms consistent with Actinobacillosis.