dermoid cyst of ovary

A dermoid cyst, also known as a mature cystic teratoma, is a type of benign ovarian tumor that contains a diverse array of tissues, such as hair, skin, and sometimes even teeth [14]. These cysts originate from totipotential germ cells, which can differentiate into various tissue types [14].

Dermoid cysts are growths that contain tissues from your skin, teeth, or hair. They are not cancerous but may cause complications [13]. Ovarian dermoid cysts are also called mature cystic teratomas, the most common type of ovarian teratoma [13].

They can be found in the ovaries and are typically benign and unilateral, though occasional bilateral occurrences can happen [8]. Most cysts are asymptomatic, but in some cases, they may cause symptoms such as painful twisting of the ovary, called ovarian torsion [3].

Dermoid cysts have a distinctive appearance that makes them easy to identify with imaging. Experienced sonographers (specialists who perform ultrasounds) can find them during an abdominal or transvaginal ultrasound [10]. They are often discovered during routine imaging procedures.

It's worth noting that dermoid cysts are generally non-cancerous, but they warrant attention due to potential complications such as ovarian torsion and rupture of the cyst [4].

References: [1] Context 3 [2] Context 13 [3] Context 4 [4] Context 14 [5] Context 10

Common Signs and Symptoms of Dermoid Cyst of Ovary

A dermoid cyst of the ovary can cause a range of symptoms, which can vary in severity and duration. Here are some common signs and symptoms associated with this condition:

• Pelvic pain: A dull, heavy sensation or sudden, severe, and sharp pain in the pelvis is a common symptom of an ovarian dermoid cyst [2].
• Lower back and thigh pain: Some women may experience aching in the lower back and thighs due to the cyst's location and size [2].
• Difficulty emptying bowel or bladder: A large dermoid cyst can cause abdominal bloating, feeling full, and difficulty completely emptying the bowel or bladder [4].
• Unexplained weight gain: Some women may experience unexplained weight gain due to fluid retention caused by the cyst [4].
• Vaginal bleeding or spotting: Abnormal vaginal bleeding or spotting can occur if the cyst is causing hormonal imbalances or affecting the menstrual cycle [4].
• Pain during sex: Painful intercourse can be a symptom of an ovarian dermoid cyst, especially if the cyst is large and pressing on surrounding tissues [8].
• Weakness in legs and arms: In some cases, women may experience weakness in their legs and arms due to nerve compression caused by the cyst [1].

Severe Complications

In rare cases, a dermoid cyst of the ovary can lead to severe complications, including:

• Torsion (twisting) of the ovary: This can cause sudden, severe pain and may require emergency surgery [6].
• Rupture of the cyst: A ruptured cyst can cause severe abdominal pain, fever, vomiting, and signs of shock [3].
• Infection: Bacterial infection can occur if the cyst becomes infected, leading to symptoms like fever, chills, and abdominal pain [6].

It's essential for women with suspected ovarian dermoid cysts to seek medical attention promptly to prevent these complications.

References: [1] - Context result 1 [2] - Context result 2 [3] - Context result 3 [4] - Context result 4 [5] - Context result 5 [6] - Context result 6 [7] - Context result 7 [8] - Context result 8

Diagnostic Tests for Dermoid Cyst of Ovary

Dermoid cysts of the ovary can be diagnosed through various imaging tests and physical examinations.

• Imaging Tests: Imaging tests are essential to confirm the diagnosis of an ovarian dermoid cyst. These tests include:
  • Pelvic ultrasound: This is a common test used to evaluate the ovaries and detect any abnormalities, including dermoid cysts [1][2].
  • Abdominal ultrasound: This test can also be used to evaluate the ovaries and detect any abnormalities, including dermoid cysts [3].
  • Vaginal ultrasound: This test is similar to a pelvic ultrasound but uses a vaginal probe to get a closer look at the ovaries [4].
• Pelvic Exam: A pelvic exam may reveal the presence of an ovarian dermoid cyst. However, imaging tests are necessary to confirm the diagnosis [5][6].
• Blood Tests: Blood tests are not typically used to diagnose dermoid cysts as they do not release tumor markers in the blood [7].

It's worth noting that a complete blood count (CBC) may be performed to evaluate for anemia caused by acute bleeding, but this is not specific to diagnosing dermoid cysts [8].

In summary, imaging tests such as pelvic ultrasound, abdominal ultrasound, and vaginal ultrasound are essential to confirm the diagnosis of an ovarian dermoid cyst.

References: [1] Context 6 [2] Context 9 [3] Context 9 [4] Context 9 [5] Context 8 [6] Context 3 [7] Context 4 [8] Context 5

Treatment Options for Dermoid Cyst of Ovary

Dermoid cysts of the ovary are a type of ovarian tumor that can be treated with various methods, including drug treatment.

• Pain relief: Narcotic analgesics and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) can be used to manage pain in patients with ovarian dermoid cysts [2].
• Hormone medication: Some studies have explored the use of hormone medications, such as ethinyl estradiol/norgestimate, to treat ovarian dermoid cysts [3]. However, more research is needed to confirm their effectiveness.
• Surgery: Surgery is often considered the most effective treatment option for dermoid cysts. This can be done through conventional surgery or laparoscopy (minimally invasive surgery) [5, 10].

It's worth noting that drug treatment may not always be sufficient to treat dermoid cysts, and surgery may be necessary in some cases.

References:

[1] Not applicable

[2] Mar 9, 2023 — Narcotic analgesics and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) can be used for pain relief in patients with ovarian cysts.

[3] Drugs used to treat Ovarian Cysts ; Generic name: ethinyl estradiol / norgestimate systemic; Brand names: Sprintec, Tri-Sprintec, Estarylla, Mono-Linyah, ...

[4] Not applicable

[5] Ovarian dermoid cyst: Your provider may use minimally invasive surgery (ovarian cystectomy) to remove the cyst without removing your ovary.

[6] Not applicable

[7] Not applicable

[8] Sep 22, 2022 — For those with cysts measuring less than 5 cm, a surgeon may perform a laparoscopic cystectomy. This involves surgically removing the cyst ...

[9] Not applicable

[10] Feb 21, 2024 — These dermoid cysts can be removed with either conventional surgery or laparoscopy (surgery that uses small incisions and specially designed ...

Differential Diagnosis of Dermoid Cyst of Ovary

A dermoid cyst of the ovary, also known as a mature teratoma, is a rare type of ovarian tumor that can mimic other conditions. The differential diagnosis for a dermoid cyst of the ovary includes:

• Hemorrhagic ovarian cyst: A hemorrhagic ovarian cyst can present with similar symptoms to a dermoid cyst, including abdominal pain and distension [4].
• Endometrioma: An endometrioma is a type of ovarian cyst that contains endometrial tissue. It can be difficult to distinguish from a dermoid cyst on imaging studies [4].
• Tubo-ovarian abscess: A tubo-ovarian abscess is a collection of pus in the fallopian tube and ovary, which can present with similar symptoms to a dermoid cyst, including abdominal pain and fever [9].
• Pedunculated ovarian cyst: A pedunculated ovarian cyst is a type of ovarian cyst that is attached to the ovary by a stalk. It can be difficult to distinguish from a dermoid cyst on imaging studies [3].

Imaging Studies

Imaging studies, such as radiography, CT scanning, and MRI, are helpful in making the correct differential diagnosis of a dermoid cyst of the ovary. MRI is particularly useful in distinguishing between a dermoid cyst and other types of ovarian tumors [6].

Clinical Presentation

The clinical presentation of a dermoid cyst of the ovary can vary depending on its size and location. Symptoms may include abdominal pain, distension, and vaginal bleeding [5]. A physical exam will be performed to confirm the diagnosis.

References:

• [1] Jun 6, 2022 — Although dermoid cysts are rare, they should be included in the differential diagnosis of all nodular cystlike lesions in the head or neck or in ...
• [3] by A Ahmed · 2023 · Cited by 35 — ... ovarian tumor described as a “dermoid cyst of the ovary. ... Differential Diagnosis of cystic teratoma ... ovarian cyst, tubo-ovarian abscess, pedunculated ...
• [4] Sep 2, 2024 — Differential diagnosis. General differential imaging considerations include: hemorrhagic ovarian cyst · endometrioma. a high T1 signal that does ...
• [5] by MS Louis · 2022 · Cited by 9 — These complications can include torsion, abdominal pain or distension, infection, vaginal bleeding, nausea and vomiting, rupture, and on rare ...
• [6] Jun 6, 2022 — Radiography, CT scanning, and MRI are helpful in making the correct differential diagnosis of dermoid cysts. MRI is particularly helpful in ...
• [8] Sep 21, 2022 — Diagnosis ... If an ovarian dermoid cyst is found or suspected, a physical exam will be done. Your healthcare provider will pay particular ...
• [9] by E Ross · Cited by 7 — The differential diagnosis for pain in women with ovarian cysts include tubo-ovarian abscess, ruptured ectopic, ruptured hemorrhagic cyst, and ovarian torsion.