pericardium leiomyoma

Pericardium leiomyoma, also known as leiomyoma of the pericardium, is a rare benign tumor that arises from the smooth muscle cells in the pericardium.

Characteristics:

• It is characterized by the presence of spindle cells with cigar-shaped nuclei [1].
• The tumor often exhibits an interlacing fascicular and whorled pattern [5][6].
• Pericardium leiomyoma is a type of smooth muscle neoplasm that originates from the pericardium [2][3].

Definition:

• A cardiovascular organ benign neoplasm that derives from smooth muscle cells and is located in the pericardium [3][4].
• A rare, non-cancerous tumor that arises from the smooth muscle cells of the pericardium [8].

Incidence:

• Pericardium leiomyoma is a rare condition, with limited information available on its incidence.

References:

[1] - A benign smooth muscle neoplasm arising from the pericardium. It is characterized by the presence of spindle cells with cigar-shaped nuclei...

[2] - pericardium leiomyoma. Term ID: DOID:5137; Synonyms. leiomyoma of Pericardium.

[3] - Definition: A cardiovascular organ benign neoplasm that derives from smooth muscle cells and that is located in the pericardium.

[4] - Pericardium leiomyoma is a benign neoplasm originating from smooth muscle cells and found in the pericardium.

[5] - It is characterized by the presence of spindle cells with cigar-shaped nuclei, interlacing fascicles, and a whorled pattern.

[6] - Label: Pericardial Leiomyoma. NCI

[7] - by WW Brandes · 1942 · Cited by 13 — Department of clinical reports. Leiomyoma of the pericardium: Report of a case.

[8] - Disease Ontology Definition:A cardiovascular organ benign neoplasm that derives from smooth muscle cells and that is located in the pericardium.

Note: The references provided are based on the search results and may not be an exhaustive list of all relevant information.

Based on the context provided, here are some signs and symptoms associated with pericardium leiomyoma:

1. Obstruction of the tricuspid valve: This can lead to severe complications, including swelling of the feet, legs, ankles, and abdomen, as well as distension of the neck veins.
2. Valvular regurgitation: This can cause symptoms such as swelling of the feet, legs, ankles, and abdomen, as well as distension of the neck veins.
3. Chest pain: A sharp pain in the center or left side of the chest that may spread to the shoulder blade.
4. Dyspnea (shortness of breath): This can be a sign of right heart failure due to the obstruction caused by the leiomyoma.
5. Non-productive cough: This can also be a symptom of right heart failure.
6. Rhythm disturbances: Atrial tachyarrhythmia has been reported as a first symptom of intrapericardial tumor.
7. Pericardial friction rub: This is the sound of the pericardium rubbing against the inside of the chest wall, which can be detected using a stethoscope.

It's worth noting that these symptoms may vary in severity and presentation depending on the individual case.

Diagnostic Tests for Pericardial Leiomyoma

Pericardial leiomyoma, a rare benign tumor arising from the pericardium, can be challenging to diagnose due to its nonspecific symptoms. However, various diagnostic tests can help confirm the diagnosis.

• Histopathological Analysis: A definitive diagnosis of intravascular leiomyoma is confirmed by histopathological analysis [2]. This involves examining a tissue sample under a microscope to identify characteristic spindle cells with cigar-shaped nuclei.
• Imaging Studies: Cardiac MRI and CT scans are used for tissue characterization, evaluating tumor size, extension, and physiologic effect [4]. These imaging studies can help rule out other cardiac conditions and assess the severity of the leiomyoma.
• Blood Tests: Blood tests may be performed to check for signs of inflammation, infection, or acute coronary syndrome [5]. However, these tests are not specific for pericardial leiomyoma.
• Electrocardiogram (ECG): An ECG can help rule out other cardiac conditions that may cause similar symptoms [14].
• Immunohistochemical Examination: Immunohistochemical examination of the tumor confirmed the diagnosis of leiomyoma in some cases, which was potentially malignant or low-grade [7].

It's essential to note that a multidisciplinary single-stage procedure is the treatment of choice for pericardial leiomyoma [8]. Early diagnosis and treatment can help prevent complications and improve patient outcomes.

References: [2] - A definitive intravascular leiomyoma diagnosis is confirmed by a histopathological analysis. [4] - Cardiac MRI and CT are used for tissue characterization and evaluation of tumor size, extension, and physiologic effect. [5] - The goal of laboratory and diagnostic evaluation is to assess inflammatory markers and rule out acute coronary syndrome, concomitant myocarditis and/or cardiac metastasis. [7] - Immunohistochemical examination of the tumor confirmed the diagnosis of leiomyoma, which was potentially malignant or low-grade (Figure 2C-2F). [8] - As the symptoms are nonspecific, advanced imaging is required for accurate diagnosis. • A multidisciplinary single-stage procedure is the treatment of choice.

Differential Diagnosis of Pericardial Leiomyoma

Pericardial leiomyoma, a rare type of tumor, can be challenging to diagnose due to its similarity in appearance with other cardiac masses. The differential diagnosis for pericardial leiomyoma includes:

• Cardiac myxoma: A common type of benign cardiac tumor that can mimic the appearance of leiomyoma on imaging studies [6].
• Cardiac leiomyosarcoma: A malignant tumor that can be difficult to distinguish from leiomyoma based on radiological features alone [6].
• Metastasizing cardiac tumors: Tumors originating from other parts of the body, such as the uterus or breast, which can metastasize to the pericardium and mimic the appearance of leiomyoma [9].

Key Diagnostic Features

To accurately diagnose pericardial leiomyoma, histopathological examination along with immunohistochemistry stains is essential. The tumor's smooth muscle origin can be confirmed by staining for markers such as smooth muscle actin (SMA) or caldesmon [5][7]. Additionally, the absence of nuclear atypia and mitotic activity can help differentiate leiomyoma from leiomyosarcoma [8].

Multimodality Imaging

Imaging studies, including cardiac computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), can aid in the differential diagnosis by providing information on the tumor's location, size, and characteristics. However, these modalities may not always be able to distinguish leiomyoma from other types of cardiac masses [3].

Clinical Considerations

A thorough clinical evaluation is crucial in the differential diagnosis of pericardial leiomyoma. The patient's medical history, including any previous surgeries or conditions that may have led to metastasis, should be carefully considered [4][9].