mixed cell type kidney Wilms' tumor

Mixed Cell Type Kidney Wilms' Tumor: A Rare but Aggressive Form of Childhood Cancer

Mixed cell type kidney Wilms' tumor is a rare and aggressive form of childhood cancer that affects the kidneys. It is characterized by the presence of blastema, epithelial, and mesenchymal components (triphasic pattern) or a combination of two of them (biphasic pattern) [1]. This unique histological feature sets it apart from other types of Wilms' tumors.

Key Characteristics:

• Presence of blastema, epithelial, and mesenchymal components
• Triphasic or biphasic pattern
• Rare and aggressive form of childhood cancer
• Affects the kidneys

Prognosis and Treatment:

The prognosis for mixed cell type kidney Wilms' tumor is generally poor due to its aggressive nature. However, with prompt and effective treatment, including surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy, some children have been able to survive this disease [10].

References:

[1] Definition of Wilms tumor of the kidney characterized by the presence of blastema, epithelial, and mesenchymal components (triphasic pattern) or a combination of two of them.

[10] Wilms tumor, mixed type, intermediate risk tumor, stage III (due to viable and nonviable lymph node metastases)

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Diagnostic Tests for Mixed Cell Type Kidney Wilms' Tumor

The diagnosis of mixed cell type kidney Wilms' tumor typically involves a combination of imaging tests and histopathological examination.

• Imaging Tests: The initial diagnostic test for Wilms tumor is often an ultrasound, which uses high-frequency sound waves to create images of the internal organs, including the kidneys (7). If Wilms tumor is suspected, further imaging tests such as CT scan or MRI may be ordered to confirm the diagnosis and assess the extent of the disease (4, 9).
• Histopathological Examination: A biopsy or surgical removal of the tumor tissue is necessary for a definitive diagnosis. The histopathological examination of the tumor tissue reveals three main types of tumor cells: blastema, epithelium, and stroma (2). The proportion and degree of maturation of these components vary significantly, making the histological appearance of each tumor unique (13).
• Multigene Panel: A multigene panel that includes WT1, TRIM28, and REST may be considered for the diagnosis of Wilms tumor (5).

Key Points

• Imaging tests such as ultrasound, CT scan, and MRI are used to diagnose and stage Wilms tumor.
• Histopathological examination of the tumor tissue is necessary for a definitive diagnosis.
• A multigene panel may be considered for the diagnosis of Wilms tumor.

References:

[2] Within Wilms’ tumors there are three main types of tumor cells; blastema, resembling the undifferentiated embryonic metanephric mesenchyme, and thought to contain any tumor stem cells, together with epithelium, and stroma, both thought to have differentiated from the blastema.

[4] Diagnosing Wilms Tumor and Other Kidney Tumors · Ultrasound · CT scan · Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) · X-ray.

[5] by JT Turner · 2022 · Cited by 16 — A multigene panel that includes WT1, TRIM28, and REST may be considered first or a multigene panel that also includes additional Wilms tumor ...

[7] Abdominal ultrasound. If Wilms tumor is suspected, the first imaging test ordered is often an ultrasound, which uses high-frequency sound waves to create images of the internal organs.

[9] MRI can determine if there are metastases (spreading), if there are any tumor cells in the lymph nodes, and/or if any other organs are involved. Wilms tumors ...

Treatment Options for Mixed Cell Type Kidney Wilms' Tumor

Mixed cell type kidney Wilms' tumor, also known as nephroblastoma, is a type of cancer that primarily affects children. The treatment options for this condition are based on the stage and histology of the tumor.

• Chemotherapy: Chemotherapy is often used in conjunction with surgery to treat mixed cell type kidney Wilms' tumor. The most commonly used chemotherapy regimen includes etoposide, cyclophosphamide, and carboplatin, along with mesna given for about 6 months [11].
• Surgery: Surgery is typically the first line of treatment for Wilms' tumor. The goal of surgery is to remove the tumor completely while preserving as much kidney function as possible.
• Radiation Therapy: In some cases, radiation therapy may be used in addition to chemotherapy and surgery to treat the cancer.

Treatment Guidelines

The National Cancer Institute (NCI) provides comprehensive guidelines for the treatment of Wilms' tumor. According to these guidelines, the treatment options for mixed cell type kidney Wilms' tumor include:

• Stage I: Surgery is typically the only treatment needed for stage I tumors.
• Stage II-III: Chemotherapy and surgery are often used together to treat stage II-III tumors.
• Stage IV: Treatment for stage IV tumors may involve chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and surgery.

References

[11] - The treatment options for Wilms' tumor are based on the stage of the cancer. For mixed cell type kidney Wilms' tumor, chemotherapy is often used in conjunction with surgery to treat the cancer. [12] - This page lists cancer drugs approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for Wilms tumor and other childhood kidney cancers.

Note: The treatment options mentioned above are based on the information provided in the search results. It's essential to consult a healthcare professional for personalized advice and treatment.