obsolete parasite-related carcinoma

Based on the provided context, it appears that there are several types of carcinomas associated with parasites. Here are some key points:

• Anal squamous cell carcinoma: This type of cancer is often related to tumor size and can cause symptoms such as anal pruritus (itching), pain, and a sensation of a mass in the anus [2].
• Helicobacter pylori infection: Infection with H. pylori has been linked to various diseases, including gastric and extragastric cancers [4]. However, it's worth noting that eradication of H. pylori may reduce the risk of developing gastric cancer [6].
• Tungiasis: This is a skin infestation caused by the sand flea Tunga penetrans, which can lead to various health issues, including carcinoma [7].
• Leishmaniasis: This parasitic infection has been linked to carcinogenicity and may induce cancer in humans [9].
• Schistosomiasis: Infection with Schistosoma parasites is highly carcinogenic and has been associated with various types of cancers, including liver, stomach, and colorectal cancers [10-12].

It's essential to note that these associations are based on the provided context and may not be an exhaustive list. Additionally, while there may be some overlap between these conditions, they are distinct entities.

References:

[2] Anal squamous cell carcinoma symptoms [4] Helicobacter pylori infection and cancer risk [6] Eradication of H. pylori and gastric cancer prevention [7] Tungiasis and skin infestation [9] Leishmaniasis and carcinogenicity [10-12] Schistosomiasis and cancer associations

Based on the provided context, it appears that there are limited diagnostic tests available for parasitic diseases related to carcinoma (cancer). However, I was able to find some relevant information.

According to search result [10], most of the current tests used to diagnose parasitic diseases cannot distinguish between past, latent, acute, and reactivated infections. This is a significant limitation in diagnosing parasitic-related carcinomas.

One test that has been mentioned is the ova and parasite test (O&P), which is used to find parasites that cause diarrhea, loose or watery stools, cramping, flatulence (gas) and other abdominal illness [13]. However, this test may not be directly related to diagnosing parasitic-related carcinomas.

Another test that has been mentioned is the stool antigen detection test for E. histolytica [8], but it's unclear if this test can diagnose carcinoma specifically.

It's also worth noting that real-time PCR (rtPCR) has been used for early T. cruzi detection and quantification of parasitic loads in scenarios like vertical transmission, but its application to diagnosing parasitic-related carcinomas is not clear [3].

Unfortunately, I couldn't find any specific information on diagnostic tests for obsolete parasite-related carcinoma. The search results seem to focus more on general diagnostic methods for parasitic diseases rather than specifically addressing carcinoma.

If you're looking for more information on this topic, I'd be happy to try searching again or help with a different question!

Repurposing Anti-parasitic Drugs for Cancer Treatment

The concept of repurposing anti-parasitic drugs for cancer treatment has gained significant attention in recent years, particularly with the discovery that some anti-parasite medications possess anti-cancer activity. This approach leverages the similarities between parasitic diseases and cancer to identify new therapeutic options.

Existing Anti-parasitic Drugs with Anti-cancer Activity

Studies have shown that certain anti-parasitic drugs, such as benzimidazoles, exhibit anti-cancer properties [12]. These compounds have been found to induce apoptosis (programmed cell death) in cancer cells, making them potential candidates for cancer treatment.

Mechanisms of Action

The mechanisms by which anti-parasitic drugs exert their anti-cancer effects are multifaceted. Some of these compounds can:

• Induce apoptosis through the mitochondrial pathway [10]
• Cause autophagic death of cancer cells by degrading PAK1 [10]
• Inhibit the current of Ca 2+ ion-activated Cl-channels [10]

Examples of Repurposed Anti-parasitic Drugs

Several anti-parasitic drugs have been repurposed for cancer treatment, including:

• Ivermectin, a macrolide antiparasitic drug with a 16-membered ring, which has shown promise in treating various types of cancer [14]
• NTZ, an approved anti-parasite medication that has been found to possess anti-cancer activity [13]

Advantages and Future Directions

Repurposing anti-parasitic drugs for cancer treatment offers several advantages, including:

• Reduced toxicity and side effects compared to traditional cancer therapies
• Potential for improved efficacy in treating certain types of cancer

Future research should focus on further investigating the mechanisms of action of these repurposed anti-parasitic drugs and exploring their potential applications in cancer treatment.

References: [10] by E Meco · 2023 · Cited by 26 — [12] by D Meco · 2023 · Cited by 26 — [13] by P Pantziarka · 2014 · Cited by 118 — [14] by S Mansoori · 2021 · Cited by 27 —

The differential diagnosis of obsolete parasite-related carcinoma involves considering various conditions that may mimic or be associated with parasitic infections, particularly those that have been linked to cancer in the past.

According to [8], trichinosis is a clinical disease that is rarely considered in the differential diagnosis in a patient with acute respiratory failure. However, it's essential to note that no evidence of parasitic infection was noted on pathology, and the diagnosis was not confirmed (9).

In the context of obsolete parasite-related carcinoma, one must consider the following:

• Schistosomiasis: This parasitic disease has been associated with an increased risk of cancer, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa (14). However, it's crucial to note that schistosomiasis is not typically considered a cause of carcinoma in developed countries.
• Opisthorchiasis and Clonorchiasis: These two helminth diseases have been linked to an increased risk of cancer, particularly cholangiocarcinoma (13). However, these conditions are relatively rare and not typically associated with obsolete parasite-related carcinoma.

When considering the differential diagnosis of obsolete parasite-related carcinoma, it's essential to rule out other conditions that may mimic or be associated with parasitic infections. These include:

• Viral and bacterial infections: Infections with viruses and bacteria have been recognized for years to be associated with human carcinogenicity (13).
• Other environmental and physiological conditions: Cancer may be induced by many environmental and physiological conditions, including infections, genetic predisposition, and lifestyle factors.

In summary, the differential diagnosis of obsolete parasite-related carcinoma involves considering various conditions that may mimic or be associated with parasitic infections, particularly those that have been linked to cancer in the past. It's essential to rule out other conditions that may cause similar symptoms or be associated with an increased risk of cancer.

References:

[8] NL Snyderman · 1987 · Cited by 3 [9] a comprehensive working differential diagnosis in a patient with acute respiratory failure. [13] Cancer may be induced by many environmental and physiological conditions. Infections with viruses, bacteria and parasites have been recognized for years to be associated with human carcinogenicity. [14] Schistosomiasis is a neglected disease caused by infection with blood fluke trematodes of the genus Schistosoma.