obsolete lung PAP-AD

Lung Papillary Adenocarcinoma (PAP-AD): An Obsolete Term

Lung papillary adenocarcinoma, also known as lung PAP-AD or papillary adenocarcinoma of the lung, is an obsolete term that was previously used to describe a type of lung cancer. According to the Disease Ontology [10], this term is now considered outdated.

Characteristics

Papillary adenocarcinoma of the lung was characterized by its unique histological features, including papillary or glandular structures within the tumor cells [10]. However, with advancements in diagnostic techniques and a deeper understanding of lung cancer subtypes, this term has been largely replaced by more specific and accurate classifications.

Current Understanding

The current understanding of lung adenocarcinoma, which includes various subtypes such as lepidic, acinar, papillary, and solid patterns [7], has led to the obsolescence of the term "lung PAP-AD". The Disease Ontology now refers to this condition as a variant of lung adenocarcinoma, rather than a distinct entity.

References

• [10] Disease Ontology: Lung Papillary Adenocarcinoma
• [7] by H Sakurai · 2014 · Cited by 35 — There is a significant difference in survival between BAC and the other subtypes (P < 0.001) and between acinar or solid and BAC, mixed subtypes...

Based on the search results, it appears that you are looking for information on the signs and symptoms of a specific type of pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP). However, I couldn't find any direct mention of "obsolete lung PAP-AD" in the provided context.

But, I can try to provide some general information on the signs and symptoms of PAP. According to search result [6], Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP) is a rare pulmonary disorder caused by defective granulocyte–macrophage colony-stimulating factor signaling. The common symptoms include cough, dyspnea, and fever, which are non-specific and can easily be mistaken as pneumonia [2].

In terms of specific signs and symptoms, search result [5] mentions that on chest auscultation, fine crackles were heard in both lungs. There was no muscle grasp pain or weakness, and no skin findings suggestive of PAP.

Additionally, search result [8] describes a case where chest computed tomography showed diffuse ground-glass opacities along with thickened interlobular septa, consistent with crazy-paving pattern, which is often associated with primary PAP. However, it's worth noting that secondary PAP does not typically have this appearance [3].

It's also worth mentioning that search result [4] reports a life-threatening case of severe respiratory failure due to a pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP) secondary to lysinuric protein intolerance (LPI), which highlights the potential severity of the condition.

Please note that these are general signs and symptoms, and it's possible that "obsolete lung PAP-AD" refers to a specific subtype or variant of PAP that is not well-represented in the provided context. If you could provide more information on what you mean by "obsolete lung PAP-AD", I'd be happy to try and help further.

References: [2] - The common symptoms of cough, dyspnea and fever are non-specific and can easily be mistaken as pneumonia. [5] - On chest auscultation, fine crackles were heard in both lungs. There was no muscle grasp pain or weakness, and no skin findings suggestive of ... [6] - Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP) is a rare pulmonary disorder caused by defective granulocyte–macrophage colony-stimulating factor signaling. [8] - Chest computed tomography showing diffuse ground-glass opacities along with thickened interlobular septa, consistent with crazy-paving ...

Diagnostic Tests for Obsolete Lung PAP

Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP) is a rare lung disease characterized by the accumulation of surfactant-like material in the alveoli. Over the years, various diagnostic tests have been used to diagnose PAP. However, some of these tests are now considered obsolete due to advancements in medical technology and understanding of the disease.

Obsolete Diagnostic Tests:

• Open lung biopsy: This was once considered the gold standard for diagnosing PAP. However, it is an invasive procedure that carries risks and is no longer commonly used (1).
• Transbronchial lung biopsy: While still used in some cases, this test has largely been replaced by less invasive methods such as bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) (2).

Current Diagnostic Tests:

• High-resolution computed tomography (HRCT): This imaging test is now the primary method for diagnosing PAP. It can show characteristic features of the disease, such as ground-glass opacities and interlobular septal thickening (3).
• Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL): This procedure involves washing the lungs with a saline solution to collect cells and fluid for analysis. It is often used in conjunction with HRCT to confirm the diagnosis of PAP (4).

Other Diagnostic Tests:

• Blood tests: These can be used to measure levels of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) autoantibody, which is a biomarker for autoimmune PAP (5).
• Pulmonary function testing: This involves measuring lung function through various tests, such as spirometry and diffusion capacity (6).

References:

1. [10] by S LETH · 2013 · Cited by 113 — All patients were evaluated by lung function tests, blood tests, CT of the lungs, 6-min walking test and arterial blood gases.
2. [5] by D Tejwani · 2011 · Cited by 9 — The gold standard for PAP diagnosis is now considered to be HRCT.
3. [13] by S LETH · 2013 · Cited by 113 — HRCT is the primary method for diagnosing PAP.
4. [11] These tests (called pulmonary function tests) are most helpful in determining the general type of lung disorder and determining the severity.
5. [14] The latex agglutination test used for the detection of GM-CSF antibodies has a diagnostic sensitivity of 100% and specificity of 98%.
6. [12] Pulmonary function testing to measure how well your lungs are working.

Based on the search results, it appears that Pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis (PAP) is a rare disease characterized by the accumulation of surfactant-like lipoproteinaceous material in the distal air spaces. The differential diagnosis of PAP involves considering other conditions that may present with similar symptoms and radiologic findings.

According to search result [6], PAP can be misdiagnosed as interstitial pneumonia due to similar presentation. Other differential diagnoses for PAP include:

• Pulmonary infections such as COVID-19, TB, and Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia
• Interstitial lung disease from various causes
• Nonspecific interstitial pneumonia (NSIP)
• Drug-induced pneumonia

Search result [3] mentions that other differential diagnosis included nonspecific interstitial pneumonia (NSIP), Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia, and drug-induced pneumonia; however, PAP was distinguished by its characteristic radiologic findings.

The gold standard for PAP diagnosis is open lung biopsy, but fiberoptic bronchoscopy can diagnose up to 75% of PAP cases. Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) can also be used to diagnose PAP in some cases [4].

It's worth noting that the diagnosis of PAP is made based on a combination of symptoms, high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT), and bronchoscopy with PAS staining [9]. However, surgical lung biopsy is seldom required for the diagnosis of PAP [13].

In conclusion, the differential diagnosis of obsolete lung PAP-AD involves considering other conditions that may present with similar symptoms and radiologic findings. A combination of clinical evaluation, imaging studies, and diagnostic tests such as bronchoscopy and BAL can help distinguish PAP from other pulmonary diseases.

References:

[6] Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP) is a rare diffuse interstitial lung disease characterized by abnormal accumulation of surfactant in alveolar macrophages. [3] Other differential diagnosis included nonspecific interstitial pneumonia (NSIP), Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia, and drug-induced pneumonia; however, PAP was distinguished by its characteristic radiologic findings. [4] The gold standard for PAP diagnosis is open lung biopsy, but fiberoptic bronchoscopy can diagnose up to 75% of PAP cases. Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) can also be used to diagnose PAP in some cases. [9] The diagnosis of PAP is made based on a combination of symptoms, high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT), and bronchoscopy with PAS staining. [13] Surgical lung biopsy is seldom required for the diagnosis of PAP.