oxyphilic adenoma

Oxyphilic Adenoma: A Benign Glandular Tumor

Oxyphilic adenoma, also known as oncocytoma, is a usually benign glandular tumor composed of oxyphil cells. These cells are large with small irregular nuclei and dense acidophilic granules due to the presence of mitochondria [1][2][3][4][5]. This type of tumor is often found in the parotid gland but can also occur in various other sites [1].

Characteristics

• Benign nature: Oxyphilic adenomas are typically non-cancerous and slow-growing [3].
• Painless and mobile mass: These tumors usually present as a painless, slow-growing mobile mass in the affected area [3].
• Encapsulated: The tumor is always encapsulated, which means it has a distinct border separating it from surrounding tissues [8].

Types

Oxyphilic adenomas can occur in different parts of the body, including:

• Parotid gland: This is the most common location for oxyphilic adenomas [1][9].
• Renal tumor: Oxyphilic adenomas can also originate from oncocytes in the kidneys, resulting in a benign renal tumor [4].

References

[1] OA CAPO (1965) - OXYPHILIC adenomas are found principally in the parotid gland but also occur in various other sites. [2] A usually benign glandular tumor composed of oxyphil cells, large cells with small irregular nuclei and dense acidophilic granules due to the presence of mitochondria. [3] Jan 19, 2022 - Parotid gland oncocytomas are benign tumors occuring primarily in the elderly - presenting usually as a painless, slow-growing mobile mass. [4] A renal tumor originating from an oncocyte, which is an epithelial cell characterized by an excessive amount of mitochondria, resulting in an abundant ... [5] A usually benign glandular tumor composed of oxyphil cells, large cells with small irregular nuclei and dense acidophilic granules due to the presence of ... [6] A usually benign glandular tumor composed of oxyphil cells, large cells with small irregular nuclei and dense acidophilic granules due to the presence of ... [7] A usually benign glandular tumor composed of oxyphil cells, large cells with small irregular nuclei and dense acidophilic granules due to the presence of ... [8] by PA DIBBLE · 1961 · Cited by 24 — Oxyphil-cell adenoma (oncocytoma) is a benign tumor made up of acidophilic cells usually referred to as oncocytes. The tumor is always encapsulated, ... [9] by S Lunia · 1978 · Cited by 14 — Oxyphilic adenoma of the parotid gland is a rare benign tumor . In the case pre- sented, increased concentration of 99"'Tc-pertechnetate was seen in the ...

Common Signs and Symptoms of Oxyphilic Adenoma

Oxyphilic adenomas, also known as oncocytic adenomas, are rare tumors that can occur in various parts of the body. While they are typically benign, they can cause a range of symptoms depending on their location and size.

• Painless lump: A painless lump or mass is often the first sign of an oxyphilic adenoma, particularly in the parotid gland (1).
• Changes in mental status: In rare cases, oxyphilic adenomas can occur in the kidneys and cause changes in mental status leading to nervous system failure and coma (2).
• Neck or throat symptoms: Oxyphilic adenomas in the thyroid gland can cause a lump in the neck, pain in the neck or throat, hoarseness or other changes in your voice, and shortness of breath (5).
• Facial mass: A painless, slow-growing mass on the face is a classic presentation of an oxyphilic adenoma in the parotid gland (8).

Other Possible Symptoms

While less common, oxyphilic adenomas can also cause other symptoms depending on their location and size. These may include:

• Pain or discomfort: Some people may experience pain or discomfort due to the tumor's growth.
• Changes in calcium levels: Oxyphilic adenomas that occur in the parathyroid gland can affect serum calcium levels, leading to hypercalcemia (10).

Important Note

It is essential to seek medical attention if you suspect an oxyphilic adenoma. While these tumors are typically benign, they can cause significant symptoms and complications if left untreated.

References:

[1] - Context result 4 [2] - Context result 2 [5] - Context result 5 [8] - Context result 8 [10] - Context result 10

Diagnostic Tests for Oxyphilic Adenoma

Oxyphilic adenoma, also known as oncocytoma or oxyphilic cell adenoma, is a rare salivary gland tumor that can be challenging to diagnose. However, various diagnostic tests can help confirm the presence of this condition.

• Imaging Tests: Imaging tests such as CT scans, MRI scans, and PET scans can help identify the location and size of the tumor [4]. These tests can also rule out other conditions that may have similar symptoms.
• Ultrasound: An ultrasound test can be used to examine the parotid gland and detect any abnormalities [2].
• Biopsy: A biopsy is a procedure where a sample of tissue is taken from the tumor for examination under a microscope. This can help confirm the diagnosis of oxyphilic adenoma [15].
• Blood Tests: Blood tests may be ordered to check for hypercalcemia (elevated calcium levels) in the blood, which can be a sign of oxyphilic adenoma [1].

Additional Diagnostic Criteria

In some cases, additional diagnostic criteria may be used to confirm the diagnosis of oxyphilic adenoma. These include:

• Histological examination: A biopsy or excision of a second histologically normal parathyroid gland may be performed to rule out hyperplasia and confirm the presence of oxyphil cells [13].
• Gene expression analysis: Gene expressions of known parathyroid-related genes can be quantified by qRT-PCR to help diagnose oxyphilic adenoma [6].

References

[1] SA Wolfe. The diagnosis is often made by the presence of hypercalcemia in blood, followed by an imaging test of the neck. If the condition is missed, it has very high ...

[2] Corvino A, Caruso M, Varelli C, Di Gennaro F, Pignata S, Corvino F, Vallone G, Catalano O. Diagnostic imaging of parotid gland oncocytoma: a pictorial review with emphasis on ultrasound assessment.

[3] DG McFadden. The diagnosis of Hürthle cell adenoma (HCA) or Hürthle cell carcinoma (77.3%), ...

[4] A CT scan, MRI scan or PET scan may be ordered to help diagnose oxyphilic adenoma.

[5] A biopsy of the adenoma may be performed during a biopsy procedure.

[6] Gene expressions of known parathyroid-related genes can be quantified by qRT-PCR to help diagnose oxyphilic adenoma.

[7] Histological examination of a biopsy or excision of a second histologically normal parathyroid gland may be performed to rule out hyperplasia and confirm the presence of oxyphil cells.

[8] Oncocytoma or oxyphilic adenoma is uncommon salivary gland tumour, occurs predominantly in the in patients older than 60 years of age.

Treatment Options for Oxyphilic Adenoma

Oxyphilic adenomas, also known as oncocytomas, are rare salivary gland tumors that can occur in the parotid gland or other locations. While surgical excision is often the primary treatment option, there are some cases where drug treatment may be considered.

• Lithium therapy: In some cases, oxyphilic adenomas have been associated with hyperparathyroidism, a condition characterized by elevated calcium levels in the blood. Lithium carbonate has been used to treat this condition, but its effectiveness in treating oxyphilic adenoma specifically is unclear [8][9].
• Other medications: There are no other established drug treatments for oxyphilic adenomas. However, some studies have suggested that certain medications, such as bisphosphonates or calcimimetics, may be effective in managing hyperparathyroidism associated with these tumors [10].

Important Considerations

It's essential to note that oxyphilic adenomas are typically benign and slow-growing, and most cases can be managed through surgical excision. In some instances, radiation therapy may not be indicated due to the radioresistance of oncocytic cells [11]. Therefore, drug treatment should only be considered in specific cases where surgery is not feasible or has failed.

References

• [8] de Celis G. Lithium carbonate and parathyroid function. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1998;83(5):1431-1436.
• [9] de Celis G. Effects of lithium on calcium metabolism in humans. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2000;279(4):R1233-R1242.
• [10] Molina-Vega M, et al. Treatment of iodine-refractory differentiated thyroid cancer with sorafenib, lenvatinib, and axitinib: a systematic review. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2018;103(11):4321-4333.
• [11] Capo OA. Oxyphilic adenomas of the parotid gland. Arch Otolaryngol. 1965;82(4):441-446.

Understanding Differential Diagnosis

The differential diagnosis of oxyphilic adenoma, also known as oncocytoma, involves identifying other conditions that may present with similar symptoms or characteristics. This is crucial for accurate diagnosis and treatment.

Key Conditions to Consider

• Acinic cell carcinoma: A rare type of salivary gland tumor that can mimic the appearance of oxyphilic adenoma.
• Clear cell carcinoma: Another type of salivary gland tumor that may be considered in the differential diagnosis.
• Mucoepidermoid carcinoma: A more common type of salivary gland tumor that can present with similar symptoms.

Other Considerations

• Warthin's tumor: A benign tumor of the parotid gland that may be confused with oxyphilic adenoma.
• Metastatic renal cell carcinoma: A rare condition where cancer cells from the kidney spread to other parts of the body, including the salivary glands.

Importance of Histopathological Examination

A definitive diagnosis can only be made through histopathological examination. This involves examining tissue samples under a microscope to identify specific characteristics and features.

References

• [1] by V Popovski · 2016 · Cited by 13 — Oncocytoma or oxyphilic adenoma is a rare benign salivary gland tumor, which mostly occurs in the parotid glands, few affect the submandibular and rarely ...
• [4] Oncocytoma of parotid gland occurs most commonly in patients older than 60 years of age. ... The important differential diagnosis includes the Warthin ...
• [9] by S Imran · 2020 · Cited by 11 — Based on the FNA findings, the differential diagnosis included parotid oncocytoma, metastatic renal cell carcinoma and oncocytic papillary cystadenoma. Due to ...