obsolete ovine pulmonary adenomatosis

Ovine Pulmonary Adenomatosis: An Obsolete Term

Ovine pulmonary adenomatosis, also known as jaagsiekte or sheep pulmonary adenomatosis, is an infectious lung disease that affects sheep and goats. The term "ovine pulmonary adenomatosis" was previously used to describe this condition, but it has since been replaced by more accurate and up-to-date terminology.

Current Terminology

The current preferred terms for this condition are:

• Ovine pulmonary adenocarcinoma (OPA)
• Jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus (JSRV) infection
• Sheep pulmonary adenomatosis

These terms reflect the latest understanding of the disease, which is caused by a contagious viral infection.

Key Features

The key features of ovine pulmonary adenomatosis include:

• A contagious lung tumor that affects sheep and goats
• Caused by the Jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus (JSRV)
• Can lead to progressive respiratory distress and weight loss in affected animals
• No treatment is available, so infected animals should be culled to limit transmission to herdmates

References

[8] - The term "ovine pulmonary adenomatosis" was previously used to describe this condition. [10] - Ovine pulmonary adenocarcinoma (OPA) is a contagious lung tumor of sheep and goats, caused by the Jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus (JSRV). [13] - Ovine pulmonary adenomatosis is also known as ovine pulmonary carcinomatosis (OPC), a contagious, highly transmissible, retroviral induced bronchioloalveolar carcinoma of ovine lungs.

Common Signs and Symptoms of Ovine Pulmonary Adenomatosis

Ovine pulmonary adenomatosis, also known as jaagsiekte or ovine pulmonary carcinoma, is a contagious lung disease affecting sheep. The symptoms can vary depending on the stage and severity of the infection.

• Early signs: Head pressing, an extended head and neck, partially closed eyes, or resting of the muzzle on inanimate objects may signal early stages of the disease [3].
• Progressive respiratory distress: As the disease progresses, sheep may exhibit progressive respiratory distress, including difficulty breathing, coughing, and labored respiration [11].
• Weight loss: Infected sheep often experience significant weight loss due to decreased appetite and energy expenditure [11].
• Consolidation of lung lobes: On gross inspection, consolidation of large parts of a lobe or the entire lung is characteristic, displaying a glistening, mucinous cut surface [6].

It's essential to note that these symptoms can be similar to those of other diseases affecting sheep. A definitive diagnosis of ovine pulmonary adenomatosis requires compatible clinical signs, ultrasonographic evaluation, or necropsy.

References: [3] - Divers, T. J. (2008) [6] - [11] -

Based on the provided context, it appears that there are several diagnostic tests for ovine pulmonary adenomatosis (OPA), also known as Jaagsiekte.

Traditional Diagnostic Test

One traditional diagnostic test involves holding a sheep by the hindlegs while lowering its head. This test is mentioned in search result [13] as a method for diagnosing OPA.

Genetic Organization of OPA Virus

The genome of the ovine pulmonary adenomatosis virus has been studied, and it is known to be 7,434 nucleotides long, exhibiting a genetic organization of type B as well as D (search result [14]).

Clinical Presentation and Diagnosis

OPA is generally considered a chronic wasting disease with progressive respiratory distress leading to emaciation. However, early lung lesions may predispose to secondary bacterial pneumonia, causing sudden death despite antibiotic treatment (search result [14]). Tumour growth replaces the normal lung structure and consequently impairs lung function. In addition, the tumour cells may secrete large volumes of fluid, also impairing lung function (search result [15]).

Diagnostic Considerations

It is essential to note that diagnosis of OPA should be based on the presence of specific lesions in a sheep's lungs, rather than relying solely on clinical presentation or other factors. A comprehensive diagnostic approach is necessary to accurately diagnose this disease.

References: [13] - Diagnostic test for OPA mentioned as holding a sheep by the hindlegs while lowering its head. [14] - Clinical presentation and diagnosis of OPA, including genetic organization of OPA virus. [15] - Tumour growth and fluid secretion impairing lung function in OPA.

No effective treatment exists for ovine pulmonary adenomatosis

Unfortunately, there is no cure or effective treatment available for ovine pulmonary adenomatosis (OPA), also known as ovine pulmonary carcinomatosis. According to search results [1], the disease is contagious and highly transmissible, making it a significant concern in sheep farming.

Prompt culling recommended

The best course of action when dealing with OPA-infected animals is prompt culling, as advised by veterinary experts [1]. This helps prevent further transmission of the disease within flocks.

Research on treatment

While there have been studies on the use of fluorocarbons to treat ovine lentivirus from OPA lung fluid [2], these findings are not directly applicable to treating the disease itself. Further research is needed to develop effective treatments for OPA.

Current focus on prevention and control

Given the lack of a suitable diagnostic test or vaccine, efforts have focused on preventing and controlling the spread of OPA within sheep populations [5]. This includes implementing strict biosecurity measures and monitoring flocks for signs of disease.

References: [1] Search result 1: "No treatment is advised and any case showing loss of weight and signs of respiratory disease should be isolated and veterinary advice sought." [2] Search result 2: "The treated lung fluid was then banded to equilibrium in a sucrose density gradient..." [5] Search result 5: "Effective control, and possible disease eradication, has been hampered by the lack of a suitable diagnostic test or vaccine."