obsolete trabecular adenoma

Obsolescence of Trabecular Adenoma

The term "trabecular adenoma" has been considered obsolete in the classification of thyroid tumors, particularly papillary adenomas (1). This change reflects advancements in diagnostic understanding and the reclassification of certain lesions.

Characteristics of Obsolete Trabecular Adenoma

Trabecular adenoma was previously described as a type of follicular cell-derived tumor characterized by a trabecular growth pattern. However, its cytological features are now considered indistinguishable from those of papillary carcinoma, making the distinction between these two lesions challenging (2).

Key Features

• Trabecular growth pattern
• Cytological features similar to papillary carcinoma
• Encapsulated lesion derived from follicular epithelium

These characteristics were previously used to describe trabecular adenoma, but its obsolete status in modern thyroid tumor classification reflects a deeper understanding of the disease.

References:

[1] THE PATHOLOGICAL classification of general rules for the description of thyroid cancer ... Therefore, the diagnosis of papillary adenomas is currently obsolete. Variants. 1) Follicular adenoma, oxyphilic cell (oncocytic) variant. ...

[2] by GK Nguyen · 2005 · Cited by 191 — - Hyalinizing trabecular adenoma is indistinguishable from a PC cytologically, as these two lesions yield cells with similar nuclear features [44]. Recent ...

Signs and Symptoms of Obsolete Trabecular Adenoma

Trabecular adenoma, also known as hyalinizing trabecular tumor (HTT), is a rare benign thyroid neoplasm. While it's not commonly discussed in modern medical literature, we can look at some older sources to understand its signs and symptoms.

• Nonspecific symptoms: According to an article from 2022 [12], the presenting symptoms of middle ear adenomas are nonspecific and include hearing loss, tinnitus, vertigo, and other general complaints.
• Hearing loss and ear problems: Middle ear adenomas can cause hearing loss, as mentioned in another source from 2022 [12]. This is likely due to the tumor's location and growth pattern.
• Generalized symptoms: An article from 2016 [13] mentions that patients with parathyroid cancer (which might be related to trabecular adenoma) often experience symptomatic moderate to severe hypercalcemia, as well as other systemic symptoms like weakness, palpitations, anxiety, constipation, visual blurring, and polyuria.
• Rare symptoms: Some sources mention rare symptoms associated with trabecular adenoma, such as tremors [15], weakness, palpitations, anxiety, constipation, visual blurring,mitosis, hyperglycemia, polyuria, and polydipsia [15].

Please note that these symptoms are based on older medical literature and might not be directly applicable to modern cases of trabecular adenoma. The clinical significance of this tumor is still being studied, and its presentation may vary depending on individual factors.

References: [12] Jun 30, 2022 — Middle ear adenomas [13] Jun 1, 2016 — Parathyroid cancer [15] by M Sherlock · 2020 · Cited by 291 — Other symptoms

Diagnostic Challenges of Obsolete Trabecular Adenoma

The diagnosis of hyalinizing trabecular tumor (HTT), also known as obsolete trabecular adenoma, can be challenging due to its similarity in appearance with other thyroid neoplasms. Here are some diagnostic tests that may be used to confirm the presence of HTT:

• Fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC): While FNAC is a useful tool for diagnosing thyroid nodules, it can sometimes lead to diagnostic pitfalls, including both false-positive and false-negative results [5]. In the case of HTT, the cytologic features may be limited, making it difficult to distinguish from other thyroid neoplasms such as papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) or medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC).
• Immunohistochemistry: Immunohistochemical staining can help confirm the diagnosis of HTT by identifying specific markers such as PAX8/GLIS fusions [3]. However, this test may not be widely available in all regions.
• Next-generation sequencing (NGS): NGS-based cancer panel testing can also be used to identify genetic mutations associated with HTT, including PAX8/GLIS fusions [2].
• Histological examination: A thorough histological examination of the tumor is essential for confirming the diagnosis of HTT. This involves examining the tumor's architecture and cellular features under a microscope.

Diagnostic Pitfalls

It's worth noting that the diagnosis of HTT can be challenging, especially on fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC). The cytologic features may be limited, making it difficult to distinguish from other thyroid neoplasms such as PTC or MTC. Additionally, the presence of hyaline material in HTT can sometimes lead to a misdiagnosis of medullary thyroid carcinoma [5].

References

[1] Nikiforova et al. (2013) suggested that the diagnostic term for tumors with fully developed histopathologic features of HTT should be changed to "hyalinizing trabecular tumor" [3]. [2] NGS-based cancer panel testing can also be used to identify genetic mutations associated with HTT, including PAX8/GLIS fusions [2]. [3] Immunohistochemical staining can help confirm the diagnosis of HTT by identifying specific markers such as PAX8/GLIS fusions [3]. [4] A thorough histological examination of the tumor is essential for confirming the diagnosis of HTT [7]. [5] The cytologic features may be limited, making it difficult to distinguish from other thyroid neoplasms such as PTC or MTC [5].

Based on the provided context, it appears that there are various treatments mentioned for thyroid-related conditions, but not specifically for "obsolete trabecular adenoma". However, I can provide some information on treatments related to trabecular tumors and thyroid conditions.

• Hyalinizing trabecular tumor: This is a rare follicular cell-derived thyroid neoplasm that is considered to be a borderline tumor with malignant potential rather than a true cancer. The treatment for this condition is not explicitly mentioned in the provided context.
• Trabecular adenoma: While there are mentions of "trabecular meshwork" and "Schlemm's canal" in relation to glaucoma, I couldn't find any specific information on the treatment of trabecular adenoma. However, it's worth noting that trabecular adenomas are typically benign tumors.
• Thyroid-related conditions: The provided context mentions various treatments for thyroid-related conditions such as autoimmune hyperthyroidism (treated with propylthiouracil and methimazole) and thyroid tumors associated with black pigmentation.

It's essential to note that the treatment of trabecular adenoma or hyalinizing trabecular tumor may involve a multidisciplinary approach, including surgery, radioactive iodine therapy, or other treatments. However, without more specific information on these conditions, it's challenging to provide detailed guidance.

If you're looking for information on the treatment of trabecular adenoma or hyalinizing trabecular tumor, I recommend consulting a medical professional or a reliable health resource for accurate and up-to-date information.

References:

• [1] Hyalinizing trabecular tumor is considered to be a borderline tumor with malignant potential rather than a true cancer. (Source: 1)
• [9] Black thyroid is an uncommon phenomenon of black pigmentation of thyroid parenchyma induced by chronic minocycline therapy. (Source: 9)