cystadenofibroma

What is Cystadenofibroma?

Cystadenofibroma is a rare type of benign ovarian tumor that contains both epithelial and fibrous stromal components [1]. It is often misdiagnosed as malignant due to its complex appearance on imaging studies [11].

Characteristics of Cystadenofibroma

• A cystic mass with low signal intensity peripherally distributed contents on T2W imaging, often with associated smaller cystic loculi [13]
• The solid component of the tumor is of very low signal intensity and contains very high signal intensity cysts producing a "black sponge"-like appearance [8]
• Typically multilocular cystic mass
• Can resemble a malignant tumor due to its complex appearance

Key Features

• Benign ovarian tumor
• Contains both epithelial and fibrous stromal components
• Rarely diagnosed as malignant due to its complex appearance on imaging studies
• Often misdiagnosed as a more serious condition

References:

[1] Ovarian serous cystadenofibroma is a relatively rare subtype of serous cystadenoma classified as ovarian benign epithelial tumor. [2] [8] Cystadenofibroma typically is a multilocular cystic mass with low signal intensity peripherally distributed contents on T2W imaging, often with associated smaller cystic loculi. On T2W imaging the solid component of the tumor is of very low signal intensity and contains very high signal intensity cysts producing a “black sponge”–like appearance [8]. [11] Ovarian cystadenofibroma is a relatively rare benign ovarian tumor that contains both epithelial and fibrous stromal components. The appearance of cystadenofibroma on imaging is often complex; cystic- to solid-appearing masses may be visualized and it often resembles a malignant tumor. [13] Cystadenofibroma typically is a multilocular cystic mass with low signal intensity peripherally distributed contents on T2W imaging, often with associated smaller cystic loculi. On T2W imaging the solid component of the tumor is of very low signal intensity and contains very high signal intensity cysts producing a “black sponge”–like appearance [8].

Clinical Presentation of Cystadenofibroma

Cystadenofibromas are typically asymptomatic, but when symptoms do occur, they can vary in severity and presentation. The most common clinical symptoms associated with cystadenofibromas include:

• Pelvic pain and discomfort: This is the most common symptom reported by women with cystadenofibromas [7][8].
• Abdominal pain: Lower abdominal pain can also be a symptom, especially if the tumor is large or has caused fluid accumulation in the belly (ascites) [14][15].
• Vaginal bleeding: Some women may experience vaginal bleeding, although this is less common [5][15].
• Increased girth: As the tumor grows, it can cause abdominal swelling and an increase in abdominal girth [6][8].

It's essential to note that many cystadenofibromas are diagnosed incidentally during a routine ultrasound or other imaging procedure, as they often do not produce noticeable symptoms until they have grown significantly.

Imaging Features

On imaging studies, such as ultrasonography and MRI, cystadenofibromas typically appear as complex masses with both cystic and solid components [12]. These tumors can be difficult to distinguish from malignant tumors based on imaging alone, which is why additional diagnostic tests are often necessary for a definitive diagnosis.

Diagnosis

A definitive diagnosis of cystadenofibroma is made through surgical removal of the tumor and histopathological examination. The diagnosis is confirmed by examining the tumor's cellular structure and identifying its benign nature [13].

References:

[1] Not applicable (general information)

[2-15] Refer to the provided context for specific citations.

Diagnostic Tests for Cystadenofibroma

Cystadenofibroma, a type of benign ovarian tumor, can be diagnosed using various imaging tests and surgical interventions. Here are some of the diagnostic tests used to diagnose cystadenofibroma:

• Ultrasound: Almost all cystadenofibromas are predominantly cystic on ultrasound with septations seen in ~30% of cases [4]. Ultrasound is often the first imaging test used to evaluate ovarian masses.
• Computed Tomography (CT) and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI): These imaging modalities can help differentiate cystadenofibroma from other types of ovarian tumors, including malignant ones [5].
• Blood Tests: Elevated tumor marker laboratory values, specifically serum CA 125, may be useful for determining malignant potential of neoplasms [6]. However, CA 125 levels are not specific to cystadenofibroma and can be elevated in various other conditions.
• Exploratory Laparoscopy (Diagnostic Laparoscopy): This minimally invasive procedure allows the surgeon to examine the abdomen and ovaries directly, which can help confirm the diagnosis of cystadenofibroma [13].
• Histological Examination: The final diagnosis of cystadenofibroma or endometrioma can only be confirmed by histological examination after surgery. In such cases, a frozen section diagnosis can be beneficial, potentially saving the patient from unnecessary extensive surgery [1].

It's worth noting that while these diagnostic tests can help identify cystadenofibroma, they are not always 100% accurate and may require surgical intervention to confirm the diagnosis.

References:

[1] Context result 1 [4] Context result 4 [5] Context result 5 [6] Context result 6