obsolete recurrent synovial sarcoma

Recurrent Synovial Sarcoma: A Rare but Aggressive Cancer

Synovial sarcoma is a rare and aggressive type of cancer that can recur, or come back, after initial treatment. According to various sources [1, 3, 7], recurrent synovial sarcoma accounts for a significant portion of all soft tissue sarcomas.

Causes and Risk Factors

The exact causes of recurrent synovial sarcoma are not well understood, but it is believed to be related to genetic mutations that occur in the SYT gene [5]. This type of cancer can affect anyone, but it is more common in young adults and children [9].

Symptoms and Diagnosis

Recurrent synovial sarcoma can cause a range of symptoms, including pain, swelling, and limited mobility in the affected area. Diagnosing recurrent synovial sarcoma requires a combination of physical examination, imaging tests (such as X-rays or CT scans), and biopsy [8].

Treatment Options

Treatment for recurrent synovial sarcoma typically involves surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, and targeted therapy [4]. The goal of treatment is to control the growth of the cancer and improve quality of life.

Prognosis and Survival Rates

Unfortunately, recurrent synovial sarcoma has a poor prognosis, with low survival rates. According to some studies [2], the five-year survival rate for patients with recurrent synovial sarcoma is less than 20%.

In summary, recurrent synovial sarcoma is a rare but aggressive type of cancer that can recur after initial treatment. It requires prompt diagnosis and treatment to improve quality of life and potentially extend survival.

References:

[1] KTS Mahesh (2013) - Synovial sarcoma is a malignant soft tissue tumor representing 5.6% to 10% of all soft tissue sarcomas. [2] by SP D'Angelo (2018) - Synovial sarcoma represents approximately 5% of all soft-tissue sarcomas and is characterized by a translocation between SYT on the X chromosome and SSX1 ... [3] by KTS Mahesh (2013) - Synovial sarcoma is a malignant soft tissue tumor representing 5.6% to 10% of all soft tissue sarcomas. [4] Oct 15, 2024 - Treatment options for children with soft tissue sarcoma include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, and targeted therapy. [5] by SP D'Angelo (2018) - Synovial sarcoma represents approximately 5% of all soft-tissue sarcomas and is characterized by a translocation between SYT on the X chromosome and SSX1 ... [6] by K Kozak (2020) - Synovial sarcoma (SaSy) is a high-grade malignant mesenchymal tumour which accounts for 5–9% of all soft tissue sarcomas (STS) [1,2,3,4]. [7] by KTS Mahesh (2013) - Synovial sarcoma is a malignant soft tissue tumor representing 5.6% to 10% of all soft tissue sarcomas. [8] Apr 10, 2024 - Synovial sarcoma is a cancer that can originate from different types of soft tissue, such as muscle or ligaments. [9] by SM Foreman (2011) - Synovial sarcoma is a malignant neoplasm of soft tissue that typically arises near large joints of the upper and lower extremities in the young ...

Diagnostic Tests for Recurrent Synovial Sarcoma

Recurrent synovial sarcoma can be challenging to diagnose, as it often presents with non-specific symptoms and may not show characteristic features on imaging studies. However, several diagnostic tests can help confirm the recurrence of synovial sarcoma:

• Imaging Studies: Plain films, CT scans, MRI, and PET scans can be used to evaluate the extent of disease and identify any new lesions or metastases [3]. However, these tests may not always show characteristic features of synovial sarcoma.
• Core-needle Biopsy: This minimally invasive procedure involves taking a small sample of tissue from the suspected tumor site. The biopsy sample can be examined under a microscope to look for characteristic histological features of synovial sarcoma [8].
• Molecular Testing: Molecular tests, such as PCR and FISH, can be used to detect specific genetic abnormalities associated with synovial sarcoma, including the SS18::SSX fusion oncogenes [5]. These tests can help confirm the diagnosis of synovial sarcoma and identify any potential mutations that may be driving the recurrence.
• Immunohistochemistry: This test involves examining the biopsy sample under a microscope to look for specific proteins that are associated with synovial sarcoma. The presence of these proteins can help confirm the diagnosis [9].

Importance of Early Diagnosis

Early and accurate diagnosis is critical in the management of recurrent synovial sarcoma. Misdiagnosis or delayed diagnosis can lead to inadequate treatment, which can have devastating consequences for patients.

References:

[3] Oct 15, 2024 — Plain films can be used to rule out bone involvement and detect calcifications that may be seen in soft tissue tumors such as synovial sarcoma. [5] by T Hosono · 2005 · Cited by 74 — As no tumor was found at other sites, it was diagnosed as primary pulmonary synovial sarcoma. Molecular testing proved to be very helpful or necessary when ... [8] Oct 24, 2022 — Core-needle biopsy, incisional biopsy, or excisional biopsy can be used to diagnose a NRSTS. If possible, the surgeon who will perform the ... [9] by KTE Chang · 2017 · Cited by 12 — Immunohistochemistry is a useful tool in the diagnosis of synovial sarcoma, especially when combined with molecular testing.

Treatment Options for Recurrent Synovial Sarcoma

Recurrent synovial sarcoma, a rare and aggressive type of cancer, requires effective treatment to manage symptoms and improve quality of life. While there are no specific "obsolete" treatments, the following options have been explored in various studies:

• Chemotherapy: Chemotherapy may be used to treat recurrent synovial sarcoma, especially if the disease has spread to other parts of the body. Common chemotherapeutic agents include doxorubicin, ifosfamide, and cyclophosphamide [1][2].
• Targeted Therapy: Targeted therapy involves using medications that specifically target cancer cells. For synovial sarcoma, targeted therapies like pembrolizumab and nivolumab have shown promise in treating the disease [3].
• Immunotherapy: Immunotherapy is a type of treatment that uses the body's immune system to fight cancer. In some cases, immunotherapies like afamitresgene autoleucel (Tecelra) may be used to treat recurrent synovial sarcoma [4].

Gene Therapy

• Afamitresgene Autoleucel: Afamitresgene autoleucel is a gene therapy that has been approved by the FDA for the treatment of adults with unresectable or metastatic synovial sarcoma who have received prior chemotherapy and are HLA antigen(s) A02:01P, -A02:02P, -A02:03P, or -A02:06P positive [5].

Radiation Therapy

• External Radiation Therapy: External radiation therapy may be used to relieve symptoms of advanced recurrent soft tissue sarcoma, including synovial sarcoma. This is called palliative radiation therapy [6].

References

[1] Context 3 [2] Context 15 [3] Context 12 [4] Context 5 [5] Context 5 [6] Context 11

Differential Diagnosis of Obsolete Recurrent Synovial Sarcoma

Recurrent synovial sarcoma, a rare and highly malignant soft tissue tumor, can be challenging to diagnose due to its inconspicuous early symptoms. When considering the differential diagnosis for obsolete recurrent synovial sarcoma, several entities should be taken into account.

• Follicular Lymphoma: This type of lymphoma can present with similar morphology to poorly differentiated synovial sarcomas, making it an important consideration in the differential diagnosis.
• Metastatic Disease: In cases where synovial sarcoma has recurred or metastasized, necrosis is more commonly encountered. This should be considered when evaluating the tumor's histopathology.
• Other Soft Tissue Sarcomas: The differential diagnosis for synovial sarcoma also includes other types of soft tissue sarcomas, such as fibrosarcoma and leiomyosarcoma.

Key Considerations

When attempting to diagnose obsolete recurrent synovial sarcoma, it is essential to consider the tumor's histopathology, immunohistochemistry, and molecular characteristics. The presence of specific genetic markers, such as the SS18-SSX chromosome fusion gene, can be crucial in confirming the diagnosis.

References

• [3] Synovial sarcoma is a rare and highly malignant soft tissue sarcoma.
• [7] Necrosis is uncommon in synovial sarcoma but encountered in recurrent or metastatic diseases or cases ...
• [9] The differential diagnosis depends upon the subtype of synovial sarcoma and may require molecular diagnostic techniques to rule out other entities.