penis squamous cell carcinoma

Common Signs and Symptoms of Penile Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Penile squamous cell carcinoma, the most common type of penile cancer, can manifest in various ways. While not all symptoms are indicative of this condition, it's essential to be aware of the possible signs and seek medical attention if you experience any of them.

• A painless lump or sore: A growth or lesion on the penis that doesn't heal within 4 weeks (1) is a common symptom of penile squamous cell carcinoma. This can occur on the foreskin, glans, or shaft of the penis.
• Redness, irritation, or rash: Changes in the skin of the penis, such as thickening, redness, irritation, and rash, are early signs of penile cancer (9). These changes can be a warning sign that should not be ignored.
• Bleeding from the penis or under the foreskin: Bleeding from the penis or from under the foreskin is another symptom to watch out for (6).
• Foul odor: A foul smell from the penis or under the foreskin can also indicate penile cancer (13).

Other Possible Symptoms

While not as common, other symptoms of penile squamous cell carcinoma may include:

• Lesions or warts on the penis
• Itching
• Discharge
• Pain

It's essential to note that these symptoms don't always mean you have penile cancer. However, if you experience any of them, it's crucial to consult a doctor for proper evaluation and treatment.

References:

(1) Context result 1 (2) Context result 3 (3) Context result 9 (4) Context result 6 (5) Context result 13

Diagnostic Tests for Penile Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Penile squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) can be diagnosed through various tests, which are essential in determining the extent of cancer and planning treatment.

• Biopsy: A biopsy is considered the most important diagnostic test for penile SCC. This involves removing a small tissue sample from the affected area, which is then examined under a microscope by a pathologist [3][7].
• Physical Examination: Physical examination is a reliable method for estimating penile tumor size and clinical T stage [6]. A healthcare professional will perform a thorough examination of the penis to assess the extent of cancer.
• Imaging Tests: Imaging tests such as ultrasonography, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and computed tomography (CT) scans may be used to assess the extent of cancer and determine if it has spread to other parts of the body [4][5].
• Fine Needle Aspiration: Fine needle aspiration is a minimally invasive procedure that involves using a thin needle to collect cells from the affected area for examination under a microscope [2].

These diagnostic tests are essential in determining the stage of penile SCC, which is crucial in planning treatment and predicting outcomes.

Treatment Options for Penile Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Penile squamous cell carcinoma (PSCC) is a rare and aggressive form of cancer that affects the penis. While surgery and radiation therapy are common treatment options, drug treatment also plays a crucial role in managing this condition.

Chemotherapy

Chemotherapy may be used to treat PSCC, especially when the cancer has spread or is at an advanced stage. Chemotherapy involves using medications to kill cancer cells throughout the body. The goal of chemotherapy is to reduce the size of the tumor and slow down its growth.

• According to [4], chemotherapy may be given for some larger tumors or if the cancer has spread.
• [5] mentions that penile cancer treatment options include surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy, depending on the size and spread of the cancer.

Topical Chemotherapy

Topical chemotherapy involves applying medications directly to the skin where the tumor is located. This approach can be effective in treating early-stage PSCC.

• [9] notes that topical chemotherapy is placed directly onto the skin, where it mainly affects cancer cells in those areas.
• Topical therapy: Creams, lotions or gels containing cancer-fighting agents may be used to kill cancer cells. [7]

Systemic Therapies

Recent advancements have been made in systemic therapies for PSCC. These treatments aim to target specific molecular pathways involved in the development and progression of this disease.

• [11] discusses recent advancements and treatment options of systemic therapies to treat penile squamous cell carcinoma (PSCC).
• This review aims to discuss the most recent advancements in systemic treatments and our understanding of PSCC. [11]

Multimodal Treatment Approach

A multimodal treatment approach combining chemotherapy with consolidation surgical treatment has been shown to be effective for patients with high-risk advanced PSCC.

• Most patients with high-risk advanced PSCC benefit from a multimodal treatment approach combining chemotherapy with consolidation surgical treatment. [13]