ovarian clear cell cystadenofibroma

Ovarian Clear Cell Cystadenofibroma: A Rare Benign Tumor

Ovarian clear cell cystadenofibroma is a rare benign tumor that affects the ovary. It is characterized by the presence of clear or hobnail cells within a dense fibrous stroma and cystic structures [3]. This type of tumor is often misdiagnosed as a malignant ovarian mass, both on ultrasound (USG) and computed tomography (CT) scans [13].

Key Features

• A benign neoplasm of glandular epithelium characterized by the presence of clear or hobnail cells within a dense fibrous stroma and cystic structures [3]
• Typically composed of simple glands lined by bland cuboidal or flattened cells with clear or lightly stained cytoplasm [4]
• Can vary in appearance, ranging from solid areas with knobby papillae to firm confluent areas [12]

Classification

Ovarian clear cell cystadenofibroma is classified as a benign epithelial tumor of the ovary. It can be further categorized into three subtypes: benign, borderline, and malignant, based on the degree of cellular atypia and potential for invasion [13].

Incidence

Epithelial neoplasms of the ovary account for 60% of all ovarian tumors, with clear cell cystadenomas being a rare subtype [10]. Ovarian cystadenofibromas are relatively uncommon benign ovarian tumors that contain both epithelial and fibrous stromal components [11].

Clinical Presentation

The clinical presentation of ovarian clear cell cystadenofibroma can vary, but it is often characterized by the presence of a complex-appearing mass on imaging studies. The tumor may be solid or cystic in appearance, with some cases exhibiting papillary excrescences on the outer surface [12].

References

• [3] Description of ovarian clear cell cystadenofibroma
• [4] Characteristics of clear cell cystadenoma/adenofibroma
• [10] Incidence of epithelial neoplasms of the ovary
• [11] Ovarian cystadenofibroma: a rare benign tumor
• [12] Clinical presentation and imaging characteristics of ovarian clear cell cystadenofibroma
• [13] Classification and subtypes of ovarian clear cell adenofibroma

Common Signs and Symptoms

Ovarian clear cell cystadenofibromas are relatively rare tumors that can cause a range of symptoms, depending on their size and location. While they are usually non-cancerous, timely diagnosis and treatment are essential.

• Abdominal pain: This is one of the most common symptoms, caused by the tumor pressing against surrounding organs or tissues.
• Pelvic pain: Pain in the lower abdomen or pelvis can occur due to the tumor's size and location.
• Vaginal bleeding: Some women may experience abnormal vaginal bleeding, which can be a sign of hormonal changes caused by the tumor.
• Abdominal mass: A palpable mass in the abdomen can be felt during a physical examination.
• Nausea and vomiting: In some cases, patients may experience nausea and vomiting due to the tumor's size or location.

Less Common Symptoms

While these symptoms are less common, they can still occur:

• Fever: Some women may develop fever as a result of the tumor's presence.
• Diarrhea: Nausea and vomiting can lead to diarrhea in some cases.
• Weight loss: In rare instances, patients may experience weight loss due to the tumor's impact on their overall health.

Important Note

It is essential to note that these symptoms can be similar to those experienced by women with other types of ovarian cancers. Therefore, a definitive diagnosis requires further testing and evaluation by a healthcare professional.

References:

• [12] Cystadenofibroma is a relatively rare ovarian tumor that primarily affects women of reproductive age.
• [14] The signs and symptoms are based on the size of the tumor.
• [13] Ovarian cystadenofibroma is an uncommon benign neoplasm containing epithelial and fibrous stromal components, accounting for 1.7% of all benign ovarian tumors.
• [11] Cystadenofibromas are benign ovarian growths in the ovary containing certain components called epithelial and fibrous stromal components.

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The differential diagnosis of ovarian clear cell cystadenofibroma involves distinguishing it from other ovarian masses that may have similar imaging characteristics.

According to the literature, the differential diagnosis of ovarian clear cell cystadenofibroma should include:

• Ovarian malignancies: Clear cell adenocarcinoma and serous adenocarcinoma are two types of ovarian malignancies that can mimic the appearance of a cystadenofibroma on imaging studies [7][10].
• Fibromas: These are benign tumors composed of fibrous tissue, which can have a similar appearance to a cystadenofibroma on T2-weighted images [14].
• Cystadenomas: These are benign epithelial tumors that can be difficult to distinguish from a cystadenofibroma based solely on imaging characteristics [15].

To make an accurate diagnosis, radiologists and pathologists must carefully evaluate the imaging findings and histopathological features of the tumor. This may involve using advanced imaging techniques such as MRI or CT scans, as well as performing histopathological examination of tissue samples.

It's worth noting that clear cell borderline tumors are a type of adenofibromatous tumor with clear cells demonstrating low-grade cytologic atypia and some degree of glandular crowding but without significant cellular pleomorphism [12]. This type of tumor is distinct from cystadenofibroma, which typically has a more complex histological architecture.

In summary, the differential diagnosis of ovarian clear cell cystadenofibroma involves distinguishing it from other ovarian masses that may have similar imaging characteristics. A thorough evaluation of imaging findings and histopathological features is necessary to make an accurate diagnosis.

References:

[7] Byun JY, Korean J Radiol 2006 Jul-Sep;7(3):153-5. [10] Cystadenofibroma: clues for making the differential diagnosis from ovarian malignancy. [12] by P Kleebkaow · 2017 · Cited by 13 — Borderline clear cell tumor of the ovary is defined as a tumor that is composed of glands or cysts lined by bland cuboidal to flattened cells ... [14] by JY Byun · 2006 · Cited by 20 — The differential diagnosis of ovarian cystadenofibroma should include ovarian masses with fibrous components, including fibroma, fibrothecoma ... [15] Cystadenofibromas are uncommon epithelial ovarian neoplasms dominated by fibrous stroma. Most cystadenofibromas are benign and mainly serous.