obsolete Polyomavirus infectious disease

Polyomavirus Infectious Disease: A Rare Condition

Polyomavirus infectious disease, also known as polyomavirus infection, is a rare condition caused by the Polyomaviridae family of viruses. As per the available information, this disease was previously recognized but has since been considered obsolete.

• Definition: The definition of polyomavirus infectious disease is not explicitly mentioned in the provided context.
• Causes: According to the information, polyomavirus infections are caused by viruses belonging to the Polyomaviridae family. These viruses can affect various parts of the body, including the respiratory system, urinary tract, and skin.

Key Points

• The condition was previously recognized but is now considered obsolete.
• Polyomavirus infections are rare and can cause a range of symptoms depending on the affected area.
• The exact definition and causes of polyomavirus infectious disease are not explicitly mentioned in the provided context.

References

• [9] mentions "Polyomavirus, which cause respiratory symptoms, cystitis or skin cancer.",definition,179 doid,DOID:647,obsolete
• [9] is cited as a reference for the definition and causes of polyomavirus infectious disease.

Symptoms of Obsolete Polyomavirus Infectious Disease

The symptoms of polyomavirus infectious disease, also known as BK virus or JC virus, can vary depending on the severity of the infection.

• Asymptomatic Infection: The infection is often asymptomatic and may not cause any noticeable symptoms in some individuals [1]. However, it can still be present in renal and other tissues.
• Fever, Cough, and Respiratory Symptoms: The clinical presentation of polyomavirus infectious disease appears to be similar to other respiratory viruses, including fever, cough, and upper and lower respiratory symptoms [4].
• Impaired Consciousness, Seizures, and Focal Neurologic Signs: In severe cases, the infection can cause impaired consciousness, seizures, and focal neurologic signs, suggesting encephalitis or other severe infections [3].
• Pruritus (Itching): Pruritus is a common complaint reported by some individuals with polyomavirus infectious disease, which can be related to numerous infectious causes [6].

Similarities with Other Diseases

The symptoms of polyomavirus infectious disease can also be similar to other diseases, such as:

• Multiple Sclerosis: Like multiple sclerosis, PML damages nerves by demyelination and causes some similar symptoms, such as weakness, visual problems, impaired coordination, and cognitive difficulties [8].
• Cystitis: Research suggests that asymptomatic viral shedding may progress to hematuria and develop into symptoms of cystitis as tissue damage increases [7].

References

[1] Harypursat V. (2020). Infection is asymptomatic and occurs in childhood, adolescence, and adulthood [6-8]. [2] Medeiros M. (2008). The infection may be primary or secondary depending on whether replication is detected in a seronegative or seropositive individual, respectively. [3] Greenlee JE. (2014). Impaired consciousness, seizures, and focal neurologic signs suggest the likelihood of encephalitis or other severe infections (meningitis, parameningeal). [4] The clinical presentation appears to be similar to other respiratory viruses, including fever, cough, and other upper and lower respiratory symptoms.103–105 [5] Harypursat V. (2020). Infection is asymptomatic and occurs in childhood, adolescence, and adulthood [6,7,8]. [6] Canavan TN. (2018). Pruritus, which is a common complaint reported by SOTR and is often attributed to medication effects, can be related to numerous infectious causes. [7] Lv Y. (2024) Research suggests that asymptomatic viral shedding may progress to hematuria and develop into symptoms of cystitis as tissue damage increases, [8] Dec 6, 2023 Like multiple sclerosis, PML damages nerves by demyelination, and causes some similar symptoms, such as weakness, visual problems, impaired coordination, and cognitive difficulties.

Based on the provided context, it appears that there are several diagnostic tests for polyomavirus infections, particularly for diseases associated with the BK and JC strains.

Methods of Antigen Detection

According to search result [2], methods of antigen detection include fluorescent antibody staining and enzyme immunoassays (e.g., ELISA). These techniques are rapid and can be used to detect antigens associated with polyomavirus infections.

• Fluorescent antibody staining: This method uses antibodies that bind specifically to antigens associated with polyomavirus infections. The presence of these antibodies is then detected using a fluorescent marker.
• Enzyme immunoassays (ELISA): This method uses enzymes to detect the presence of antigens associated with polyomavirus infections.

Serodiagnostic Methods

Search result [3] mentions that comprehensive serodiagnostic methods, including IgM, IgG, and IgG avidity tests, were used to study Merkel cell polyomavirus and trichodysplasia spinulosa-associated polyomavirus. These methods can be used to detect the presence of antibodies associated with these infections.

• IgM: This test detects the presence of IgM antibodies, which are typically produced in response to acute infections.
• IgG: This test detects the presence of IgG antibodies, which are typically produced in response to chronic or past infections.
• IgG avidity: This test measures the strength of binding between IgG antibodies and antigens.

Polyomavirus DNA Detection

Search result [6] mentions that viruria and viremia (DNA-emia) are methods of screening for polyomavirus infection. These tests can be used to detect the presence of viral DNA in urine or blood samples.

• Viruria: This test detects the presence of viral DNA in urine samples.
• Viremia (DNA-emia): This test detects the presence of viral DNA in blood samples.

Blood PCR Analysis

Search result [7] mentions that blood PCR analysis can be used to identify patients at risk for BK nephropathy. This test involves amplifying and detecting specific DNA sequences associated with polyomavirus infections.

• Blood PCR: This test uses polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technology to amplify and detect specific DNA sequences associated with polyomavirus infections.

Urine-Based Assays

Search result [11] mentions that a novel urine-based assay, called the "urinary polyomavirus-haufen test," can be used to diagnose PVN noninvasively. This test detects the presence of viral antigens in urine samples.

• Urinary polyomavirus-haufen test: This test uses a specific antigen-antibody reaction to detect the presence of viral antigens in urine samples.

It's worth noting that while these diagnostic tests may be relevant for obsolete polyomavirus infectious diseases, they may not be as commonly used or recommended for modern diagnosis and treatment.

The differential diagnosis for obsolete polyomavirus infections involves considering other conditions that may present similarly to polyomavirus infection.

According to search result [3], the differential diagnosis for polyomavirus nephropathy includes:

• HIV-associated encephalopathy
• Primary CNS lymphoma
• Other forms of viral infection, including adenovirus and herpes simplex type 2 virus

Search result [7] also mentions that viral infections caused by herpes simplex virus (HSV), adenovirus, and cytomegalovirus (CMV) can cause viral cytopathic changes that may be mistaken for polyomavirus infection.

Additionally, search result [8] notes that the main differential diagnosis of polyomavirus infection in urine is urothelial neoplasms, mainly types 3 and 4.

It's worth noting that the definitive diagnosis of polyomavirus infection relies on a combination of clinical histology, morphologic findings on biopsy or urine analysis, as well as immunohistochemical and in situ techniques (search result [1]).

In terms of obsolete polyomavirus infectious diseases, search result [10] mentions that the current standard of diagnosis includes analysis of renal biopsies using histopathology or immunohistochemistry to detect cytopathic changes or viral gene expression.