4 free views remaining today

methyl isocyanate allergic asthma

ICD-10 Codes

Related ICD-10:

Description

Methyl Isocyanate Allergic Asthma: A Serious Respiratory Condition

Methyl isocyanate (MIC) allergic asthma is a type of respiratory condition that occurs in individuals exposed to methyl isocyanate, a highly toxic and volatile chemical. This condition is characterized by an allergic reaction to MIC, leading to symptoms similar to those experienced during an asthma attack.

Symptoms of Methyl Isocyanate Allergic Asthma

  • Shortness of breath [6]
  • Wheezing [6]
  • Coughing [8]
  • Chest pain [8]
  • Dyspnea (difficulty breathing) [8]

These symptoms can be triggered by future exposures to MIC, even at low concentrations. In severe cases, methyl isocyanate allergic asthma can lead to persistent airway obstruction, as demonstrated in a study involving rats exposed to MIC for two hours [13].

Prevalence and Causes

Methyl isocyanate allergic asthma is considered a leading cause of occupational asthma, particularly among workers exposed to MIC in industries such as polyurethane production [10]. The condition can also occur due to accidental exposure or intentional inhalation of MIC.

Treatment and Prevention

There is no known antidote for methyl isocyanate poisoning. Treatment for allergic asthma caused by MIC typically involves avoiding further exposure to the chemical, administering oxygen therapy if necessary, and providing supportive care for symptoms [9].

To prevent methyl isocyanate allergic asthma, it is essential to follow strict safety protocols when handling this highly toxic substance, including wearing personal protective equipment (PPE) and ensuring proper ventilation in work areas.

References

  • [6] Methyl Isocyanate may cause an asthma like allergy. Future exposures can cause asthma attacks with shortness of breath, wheezing, ...
  • [8] Exposure symptoms include coughing, chest pain, dyspnea, asthma...
  • [10] May 23, 2024 - Isocyanates are considered potent respiratory allergens and are a leading cause of occupational asthma.
  • [13] Functional evidence of persistent airway obstruction in rats following a two-hour inhalation exposure to methyl isocyanate.

Additional Characteristics

  • Methyl Isocyanate Allergic Asthma

Signs and Symptoms

Symptoms of Methyl Isocyanate Allergic Asthma

Methyl isocyanate exposure can lead to severe respiratory symptoms, including allergic asthma. The signs and symptoms of methyl isocyanate-induced allergic asthma are:

  • Respiratory distress: Difficulty breathing, tightness in the chest, coughing, wheezing, and shortness of breath [9][14]
  • Asthma-like symptoms: Recurring episodes of respiratory symptoms, such as coughing, wheezing, and shortness of breath, which can persist for months or years after exposure has ceased [15]
  • Cough: A persistent and severe cough is a common symptom of methyl isocyanate-induced allergic asthma [14][15]
  • Dyspnea: Shortness of breath or difficulty breathing, even at rest or with minimal exertion [14][15]
  • Chest pain: Pain or discomfort in the chest, which can be severe and persistent [14][15]

Other symptoms

In addition to respiratory symptoms, exposure to methyl isocyanate can also cause other health effects, including:

  • Skin irritation: Redness, itching, and blistering of the skin, which can occur shortly after exposure [4]
  • Eye irritation: Redness, tearing, and burning sensations in the eyes [14]

Long-term consequences

Methyl isocyanate-induced allergic asthma can have long-term consequences, including:

  • Chronic respiratory disease: Persistent respiratory symptoms that can last for years or even a lifetime [15]
  • Hypersensitivity pneumonitis: A rare but serious lung condition that can occur in response to repeated exposure to methyl isocyanate [11][12]

It's essential to seek medical attention immediately if you

Diagnostic Tests

Diagnosing Methyl Isocyanate Allergic Asthma

Methyl isocyanate exposure can lead to severe respiratory issues, including an asthma-like allergy. Accurate diagnosis is crucial for effective treatment and prevention of further complications.

  • Occupational History: A thorough occupational history is essential in diagnosing methyl isocyanate-induced asthma. This includes assessing the individual's work environment, duration of exposure, and any previous symptoms or illnesses [7].
  • Immunologic Tests: Immunologic tests, such as skin prick testing or blood tests, can help identify specific IgE antibodies against methyl isocyanate, confirming an allergic reaction [5].
  • Pulmonary Function Testing: Pulmonary function tests (PFTs) can measure lung function and detect any abnormalities that may indicate asthma or other respiratory issues. This includes spirometry, which measures the volume and flow rate of air inhaled and exhaled by the lungs [6].
  • Chest Radiography and Pulse Oximetry: Routine laboratory studies include chest radiography to rule out other potential causes of symptoms and pulse oximetry (or ABG measurements) to assess oxygen saturation levels [6].

Key Considerations

Accurate diagnosis requires a systematic approach that combines information from the occupational history, immunologic tests, pulmonary function testing, and routine laboratory studies. A healthcare professional should be consulted for proper evaluation and treatment.

References: [1] by A Fisseler-Eckhoff · 2011 · Cited by 66 — This paper reviews the so far known facts concerning the patho-physiologic appearance and mechanisms of isocyanate-associated toxic reactions and possible ... [5] by K Nakashima · 2002 · Cited by 10 — The accurate diagnosis of diisocynate asthma requires a systematic approach that combines information obtained from the occupational history, immunologic tests ... [6] Routine laboratory studies include chest radiography and pulse oximetry (or ABG measurements). Rapid toxicological screening may rule out other exposures. Air ... [7] For spray painters using isocyanate paints in motor vehicle repair who are new workers, lung function testing and a questionnaire are recommended at the ...

Additional Diagnostic Tests

  • Occupational History
  • Immunologic Tests (skin prick testing or blood tests)
  • Pulmonary Function Testing (spirometry)
  • Chest Radiography and Pulse Oximetry

Treatment

Treatment Options for Methyl Isocyanate Allergic Asthma

Methyl isocyanate (MIC) exposure can cause severe respiratory problems, including asthma-like symptoms. The treatment approach for MIC-induced allergic asthma involves a combination of medications and lifestyle modifications.

  • Quick-relief medications: Short-acting beta agonists such as albuterol are commonly used to provide rapid relief from acute asthma attacks [9].
  • Inhaled corticosteroids: These medications, like fluticasone, can help reduce inflammation in the airways and prevent symptoms [7].
  • Biologics: For severe eosinophilic asthma, biologics such as omalizumab (Xolair) or mepolizumab (Nucala) may be prescribed to target specific cytokines and reduce inflammation [12].

Additional Treatment Considerations

In cases of severe MIC exposure, hospitalization may be necessary for close monitoring and treatment. Oral corticosteroids can also be used in emergency situations to manage acute asthma attacks.

Prevention is Key

While these treatments can help alleviate symptoms, prevention is the best approach when it comes to MIC-induced allergic asthma. Avoiding exposure to methyl isocyanate and taking regular breaks in well-ventilated areas can significantly reduce the risk of developing this condition.

References:

  • [1] MIC is extremely toxic to humans from acute (short-term) exposure.
  • [9] Clinically isocyanate asthma presents similar to other types of allergic Th2-like asthma: Isocyanate asthma typically develops after repeated exposure for a short period.
  • [12] Other medications that may be used for asthma include: Biologics, such as omalizumab (Xolair) for allergic asthma and benralizumab (Fasenra), dupilumab (Dupixent), mepolizumab (Nucala), reslizumab (Cinqair), or tezepelumab-ekko (Tezspire) which target cytokines for severe eosinophilic asthma.

Recommended Medications

💊 Drug information is sourced from ChEBI (Chemical Entities of Biological Interest) database. Always consult with a healthcare professional before starting any medication. Click on any medication name for detailed information.

Differential Diagnosis

Methyl isocyanate-induced allergic asthma can be challenging to diagnose, but there are several key factors to consider in making a differential diagnosis.

**

Additional Differential Diagnoses

  • Methyl isocyanate-induced allergic asthma

Additional Information

rdf-schema#domain
https://w3id.org/def/predibionto#has_symptom_45
owl#annotatedSource
t328238
oboInOwl#hasOBONamespace
disease_ontology
oboInOwl#id
DOID:0040044
core#notation
DOID:0040044
oboInOwl#hasExactSynonym
allergic asthma to MIC
IAO_0000115
An isocyanates allergic asthma that has_allergic_trigger methyl isocyanate.
rdf-schema#label
methyl isocyanate allergic asthma
rdf-schema#subClassOf
t328000
oboInOwl#inSubset
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/doid#DO_IEDB_slim
RO_0001022
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_59059
relatedICD
http://example.org/icd10/T65.3X4
22-rdf-syntax-ns#type
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class

Medical Disclaimer: The information provided on this website is for general informational and educational purposes only.

It is not intended to be a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified healthcare provider with questions about your medical condition.