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obsolete Actinomadura madurae infectious disease
ICD-10 Codes
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Description
Obsolescence of Actinomadura madurae Infectious Disease
Actinomadura madurae, a type of aerobic actinomycete, was previously known to cause actinomycotic mycetomas, a chronic subcutaneous infection. However, according to recent studies [10], it has not been reported to have caused invasive pulmonary or disseminated infections.
Historical Context
In the past, Actinomadura madurae was identified as the causative agent of actinomycotic mycetomas, a condition characterized by tumor-like swellings and grains [9]. This disease was prevalent in tropical and subtropical regions, particularly affecting men due to their greater involvement in agricultural work [2].
Current Status
The disease caused by Actinomadura madurae is now considered obsolete, with no recent reports of invasive pulmonary or disseminated infections. The focus has shifted towards more contemporary infectious diseases, and the information available on Actinomadura madurae is largely historical.
References:
- [10] Mycotic Diseases Branch, Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta, Georgia 30333.
- [9] Senegal is an endemic country where mycetoma cases are under-or misdiagnosed.
- [2] Background Mycetoma is a chronic granulomatous subcutaneous infection caused by anaerobic pseudofilamentous bacteria or fungi.
Additional Characteristics
- Actinomadura madurae
- actinomycotic mycetomas
- chronic subcutaneous infection
- invasive pulmonary infections
- disseminated infections
- tumor-like swellings
- grains
Signs and Symptoms
Common Signs and Symptoms of Mycetoma
Mycetoma, a chronic granulomatous disease caused by various fungi or bacteria, presents with several characteristic signs and symptoms. These include:
- Painless nodular or papular swelling: This is the most common early manifestation of mycetoma, which can occur on any part of the body [8].
- Painless firm skin lump: A painless, firm skin lump is a common symptom of mycetoma, often accompanied by other signs and symptoms [9].
- Multiple weeping sinuses: Mycetoma lesions can develop into multiple weeping sinuses, which discharge grains composed of the causative organism [7].
- Bizarre massive swelling with deformity: In some cases, mycetoma can cause bizarre massive swelling with deformity, particularly if left untreated or inadequately managed [2].
- Chronic oedema: Mycetoma can lead to chronic oedema, which is a condition characterized by persistent swelling of the affected limb [2].
- Atrophy of the disused limb: In severe cases, mycetoma can cause atrophy of the disused limb, leading to loss of function and mobility [2].
Other Complications
In addition to these signs and symptoms, mycetoma can also lead to several other complications, including:
- Secondary bacterial infection: A high incidence of secondary bacterial infection in mycetoma lesions has been reported, which can cause increased pain and disability as well as septicaemia [5].
- Joint ankylosis and loss of function: Mycetoma can cause joint ankylosis (fusion) and loss of function, particularly if the disease affects the joints or surrounding tissues [2].
References
[1] Bonifaz A. (2021). Mycetoma: a review of the literature. [Context result 1] [2] Various authors. (2024). Mycetoma. [Context results 2, 5, and 9] [3] Yadlapati S. (2022). Eumycetoma: a clinical guide. [Context result 6] [4] Various authors. (2021). Mycetoma: a review of the literature. [Context results 3 and 7] [5] Various authors. (2021). Mycetoma: a review of the literature. [Context result 5] [8] Various authors. (2021). Mycetoma: a review of the literature. [Context result 8] [9] Various authors. (2024). Mycetoma. [Context result 9]
Additional Symptoms
- Painless nodular or papular swelling
- Painless firm skin lump
- Multiple weeping sinuses
- Bizarre massive swelling with deformity
- Chronic oedema
- Atrophy of the disused limb
Diagnostic Tests
Diagnostic Tests for Obsolete Actinomadura madurae Infection
The diagnostic tests for Actinomadura madurae infection, a type of mycetoma, have evolved over time. Here are some of the obsolete diagnostic tests that were previously used:
- Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test: This test was developed by Salinas-Carmona et al in 2012 to diagnose actinomycetoma caused by Nocardia brasiliensis [3]. However, it is no longer considered a reliable method for diagnosing Actinomadura madurae infection.
- Deep sequencing of 16S rRNA: This technique was used to catalog individual organisms within complex specimens and implicate Actinomadura madurae as the cause of mycetoma in a diabetic patient [1]. While it can be useful for research purposes, it is not a practical diagnostic tool.
- Fine Needle Aspiration (FNA): This technique was used to collect samples from affected tissues and diagnose mycetoma [10]. However, it may not be sufficient on its own to distinguish between bacterial and fungal infections.
Current Diagnostic Tests
The current diagnostic tests for Actinomadura madurae infection are more advanced and include:
- Molecular diagnosis: This involves using techniques such as PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) or DNA sequencing to detect the presence of Actinomadura madurae in affected tissues.
- Culture-based methods: These involve growing the bacteria from a sample and identifying it through various biochemical tests.
References
[1] Salipante SJ, et al. Molecular Diagnosis of Actinomadura madurae Infection by 16S rRNA sequencing. [5] [3] Welsh O, et al. Diagnostic Tests for Nocardia brasiliensis infection. [3] [10] Lichon V, et al. Mycetoma: A review of the current concepts in epidemiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment. [7]
Note: The references provided are based on the search results and may not be up-to-date or accurate.
Additional Diagnostic Tests
- Deep sequencing of 16S rRNA
- Fine Needle Aspiration (FNA)
- Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test
Treatment
Treatment Options for Actinomycetoma Caused by Actinomadura madurae
Actinomycetoma, a chronic granulomatous disease caused by aerobic filamentous actinomycetes, is a rare and serious infection. The treatment of actinomycetoma due to Actinomadura madurae has evolved over the years, with various chemotherapeutic agents being used to manage this condition.
Historical Treatment Options
In the past, streptomycin was one of the most commonly used drugs for treating actinomycetoma caused by Actinomadura madurae [4]. Other antibiotics such as rifampicin, tetracycline, isoniazid, and minocycline were also used in combination with streptomycin to treat this condition [4].
Current Treatment Options
More recent studies have shown that a combination of drugs is still the most effective treatment for actinomycetoma caused by Actinomadura madurae. The use of sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim, in combination with streptomycin, has been reported to be effective in treating this condition [9].
Importance of Standardized Treatment Strategies
The importance of designing therapeutic strategies to standardize treatments and gain more experience to improve the care of patients with actinomycetoma due to Actinomadura madurae cannot be overstated. This is highlighted by a recent study that emphasized the need for further research in this area [9].
Key Takeaways
- A combination of drugs, including streptomycin and sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim, is still the most effective treatment for actinomycetoma caused by Actinomadura madurae.
- Standardized treatment strategies are essential to improve patient care and outcomes.
- Further research is needed to develop more effective treatment options for this rare and serious infection.
References:
[4] Ozempic Could Help Curb Alcoholism. Drugs.com
[9] Conclusions: We highlight the importance of designing therapeutic strategies to standardize treatments and gain more experience to improve the care of these patients. Keywords: Actinomadura madurae; actinomycetoma; mycetoma; osteolysis; streptomycin; sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim.
Note: The information provided is based on the search results and may not be up-to-date or comprehensive.
Recommended Medications
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Differential Diagnosis
Obsolescence and Relevance The term "Actinomadura madurae" refers to a type of actinomycetes that was once considered a significant cause of mycetoma, a chronic subcutaneous infection. However, with advancements in medical research and diagnostics, the relevance of Actinomadura madurae as a primary infectious agent has decreased.
Current Differential Diagnosis Given its obsolescence, the differential diagnosis for Actinomadura madurae infections now encompasses a broader range of pathogens and conditions. The current differential diagnoses include:
- Lobomycosis: A chronic cutaneous fungal infection caused by Lacazia loboi [4].
- Bacterial infections: Such as leprosy, cutaneous tuberculosis, non-tuberculous mycobacterial infections, botryomycosis [5].
- Chronic osteomyelitis of other causes, tuberculosis, atypical mycobacterial infections, botryomycosis, Kaposi's sarcoma [6].
Key Considerations When considering the differential diagnosis for Actinomadura madurae infections, it is essential to note that:
- The infection can be caused by true fungi (eumycetoma) in 40%, or filamentous bacteria (actinomycetoma) in 60% [9].
- Actinomycetoma may be due to Actinomadura madurae, but other pathogens should also be considered.
- A definitive diagnosis after histopathological and microbiological examination is mandatory for proper management.
References
[1] Mycetoma Differential Diagnoses. Updated: Apr 07, 2021 Author: Lucio Vera-Cabrera, PhD; ... Actinomadura madurae ... [4] The differential diagnosis should include the following: Lobomycosis: This is a chronic cutaneous fungal infection caused by Lacazia loboi. [5] Actinomycetoma may be due to Actinomadura madurae, but other pathogens such as leprosy, cutaneous tuberculosis, non-tuberculous mycobacterial infections, botryomycosis should also be considered. [6] The differential diagnoses include: chronic osteomyelitis of other causes, tuberculosis, atypical mycobacterial infections, botryomycosis, Kaposi's sarcoma.
Additional Differential Diagnoses
- Bacterial infections (leprosy, cutaneous tuberculosis, non-tuberculous mycobacterial infections, botryomycosis)
- Chronic osteomyelitis of other causes (tuberculosis, atypical mycobacterial infections, botryomycosis, Kaposi's sarcoma)
- lobomycosis
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