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obsolete Actinomadura pelletieri infectious disease
ICD-10 Codes
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Description
Actinomadura Pelletieri Infectious Disease: An Obsolete Condition
Actinomadura pelletieri was a type of infectious disease caused by the bacterium Actinomadura pelletieri. This condition is now considered obsolete, meaning it is no longer commonly encountered or studied in modern medical practice.
Key Characteristics
- The disease was characterized by a chronic granulomatous subcutaneous infection.
- It was typically caused by anaerobic pseudofilamentous bacteria or fungi.
- Men were more susceptible to the disease due to their greater participation in agricultural work, which increased their exposure to the pathogen.
- The infection often affected the feet, where it was also known as Madura foot.
Clinical Features
- Firm tumefaction (swelling) of the affected area
- Discharging sinuses and purulent discharge
- Slow growth rate of the bacterium
Relevance in Modern Medicine
While Actinomadura pelletieri is no longer a commonly encountered disease, its study has contributed to our understanding of mycetoma, a chronic granulomatous subcutaneous infection caused by fungi or actinomycetes. This knowledge can inform the diagnosis and treatment of similar conditions.
References
- [1] Mycetoma is a chronic, frequently subcutaneous, granulomatous infection that commonly affects the feet... (Source: [6])
- [2-3] Actinomadura pelletieri was described as causing mycetoma with simultaneous involvement of the spine, abdominal wall, and retroperitoneal space. (Sources: [3], [11])
- [4] Men are more susceptible to mycetoma due to greater participation in agricultural work. (Source: [4])
- [5-6] Actinomadura pelletieri was a type of actinomycetoma, a chronic subcutaneous infection caused by aerobic branching actinomycetes. (Sources: [5], [6])
Additional Characteristics
- A chronic granulomatous subcutaneous infection
- Caused by anaerobic pseudofilamentous bacteria or fungi
- More susceptible in men due to agricultural work
- Often affects the feet, also known as Madura foot
- Characterized by firm tumefaction, discharging sinuses and purulent discharge
Signs and Symptoms
Clinical Features of Actinomadura pelletieri Infection
Actinomadura pelletieri, a type of filamentous bacteria, was once considered to be the causative agent of actinomycetoma, also known as "Madura foot". The clinical presentation of this infection typically involves:
- Firm tumefaction (swelling) of the affected site [1]
- Presence of abscesses, nodules, and sinuses that drain a seropurulent exudate containing bacteria [1]
- Subcutaneous masses, sinus tracts, and discharges are common symptoms [3]
The foot is often the primary site of affliction, although other areas can also be affected. The infection typically progresses slowly, with risks of bone and visceral involvement.
Other Relevant Information
It's worth noting that Actinomadura pelletieri was once considered to be a causative agent of actinomycetoma, but its role in this disease is now largely obsolete due to the discovery of other pathogens. However, the clinical features described above may still be relevant for understanding the presentation of similar infections.
References
[1] Welsh, O. (2012). Actinomadura pelletieri: A review of its clinical features and microbiological characteristics. [3] Cortez, KJ. (2008). Mycetoma: A review of its epidemiology, diagnosis, and treatment. [7] Tight, RR. (1981). Actinomycetoma (Madura foot) caused by Actinomadura madurae occurred in an- In- diana factory worker.
Note: The references provided are based on the search results and may not be up-to-date or accurate.
Additional Symptoms
- Firm tumefaction (swelling) of the affected site
- Presence of abscesses, nodules, and sinuses that drain a seropurulent exudate containing bacteria
- Subcutaneous masses, sinus tracts, and discharges
Diagnostic Tests
Based on the provided context, it appears that Actinomadura pelletieri is an infectious disease caused by a type of actinomycete bacteria.
Diagnostic tests for Actinomadura pelletieri:
- Histopathology: This involves examining tissue samples under a microscope to look for signs of infection (Context #2).
- Culture: Growing the bacteria in a laboratory setting to confirm its presence (Context #4, Context #11).
- PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction): A molecular diagnostic test used to detect the genetic material of Actinomadura pelletieri (Context #6, Context #14).
Other relevant information:
- Actinomycetoma, a disease caused by Actinomadura pelletieri and other similar bacteria, is more common in Central and Southern America (Context #8).
- The most common pathogens isolated from primary lesions of actinomycetoma are Streptomyces somaliensis,
Additional Diagnostic Tests
- Histopathology
- Culture
- PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction)
Treatment
Treatment of Actinomadura pelletieri Infections
Actinomadura pelletieri infections are a type of actinomycetoma, a chronic subcutaneous infection caused by aerobic branching actinomycetes. The treatment of these infections has evolved over time, and the current recommendations are based on various studies and expert opinions.
Historical Treatment Options
In the past, surgical treatment was contraindicated for Actinomadura pelletieri infections, as it may cause hematogenous dissemination (1). However, with advancements in medical science, new treatment options have been explored.
Current Treatment Recommendations
The current treatment recommendations for Actinomadura pelletieri infections involve long-term antimicrobial combination therapy (3). This approach has shown promising results in treating these infections. The specific antibiotics used may vary depending on the severity and dissemination of the infection.
- For eumycetoma, a combination of antibiotics is often required to treat the infection effectively (4).
- Voriconazole and itraconazole are among the antifungal agents that have been used to treat Actinomadura pelletieri infections (5).
Importance of Early Diagnosis and Treatment
Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial in managing Actinomadura pelletieri infections. Delayed or inadequate treatment can lead to complications, such as bone invasion and hematogenous dissemination.
- A study found that a clinical and mycological cure was achieved in 60% of cases, while 25% showed clinical improvement (12).
- However, the therapy of actinomycetoma by A. madurae is difficult and often complicated with bone invasion (12).
Conclusion
The treatment of Actinomadura pelletieri infections has evolved over time, and current recommendations involve long-term antimicrobial combination therapy. Early diagnosis and treatment are essential in managing these infections effectively.
References:
- [1] Surgical treatment of actinomycetoma is contraindicated, as it may cause hematogenous dissemination.
- [3] The current treatment recommendations for Actinomadura pelletieri infections involve long-term antimicrobial combination therapy.
- [4] For eumycetoma, a combination of antibiotics is often required to treat the infection effectively.
- [5] Voriconazole and itraconazole are among the antifungal agents that have been used to treat Actinomadura pelletieri infections.
- [12] A study found that a clinical and mycological cure was achieved in 60% of cases, while 25% showed clinical improvement.
Recommended Medications
- Antimicrobial combination therapy
- Surgical treatment (contraindicated)
- Antibiotics (for eumycetoma)
- voriconazole
- itraconazole
- Itraconazole
💊 Drug information is sourced from ChEBI (Chemical Entities of Biological Interest) database. Always consult with a healthcare professional before starting any medication. Click on any medication name for detailed information.
Differential Diagnosis
The differential diagnosis for actinomycetoma, caused by Actinomadura pelletieri, includes several other bacterial and fungal infections that can cause similar symptoms.
According to a review of the current concepts in the epidemiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment of actinomycetoma [3], the differential diagnosis includes:
- Sporotrichosis: a fungal infection caused by Sporothrix schenckii
- Tuberculosis: an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis
- Osteomyelitis: an infection of the bone and bone marrow, often caused by bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus
- Coccidiomycosis: a fungal infection caused by Coccidioides immitis
- Phaeohyphomycosis: a fungal infection caused by dematiaceous fungi
- Botryomycosis: a bacterial infection caused by Staphylococcus aureus
Additionally, the differential diagnosis for actinomycetoma also includes other mycobacterial infections [5]. It is essential to consider these conditions when diagnosing and treating actinomycetoma.
References: [3] - A review of the current concepts in the epidemiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment of actinomycetoma. [5] - The differential diagnosis includes other bacterial infections causing osteomyelitis, tuberculosis, other mycobacterial infections.
Additional Differential Diagnoses
- Coccidiomycosis
- Botryomycosis
- other mycobacterial infections
- osteomyelitis
- tuberculosis
- phaeohyphomycosis
- sporotrichosis
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