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obsolete abortive plague

ICD-10 Codes

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Description

Definition and Context

The term "obsolete abortive plague" refers to an outdated medical condition characterized by a mild or non-lethal form of the plague, which is a highly infectious and deadly disease caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestis.

  • According to search result [3], "abortive plague" is a synonym for ambulatory plague (disorder), indicating that it is a milder form of the disease.
  • Search result [5] lists "obsolete abortive plague" as one of several outdated medical terms, suggesting that this condition was once recognized but is no longer considered relevant or used in modern medicine.

Characteristics and Implications

The description of obsolete abortive plague suggests that it was a milder form of the plague, possibly with fewer symptoms or less severe consequences compared to other forms of the disease. However, as noted in search result [2], even this mild form of the plague could lead to complications such as abortion or miscarriage in pregnant patients if left untreated.

  • Search result [6] provides historical context for the term "plague," noting that it was used in the Middle Ages to describe any fast-spreading illness, which may have included various forms of the disease, including abortive plague.
  • The mention of complications such as embolism and renal failure (search result [5]) suggests that even this mild form of the plague could have serious consequences if not treated promptly.

Summary

In summary, obsolete abortive plague refers to a milder, outdated form of the plague disease. It was characterized by fewer symptoms or less severe consequences compared to other forms of the disease but still posed risks, particularly for pregnant patients. The term is no longer used in modern medicine and has been replaced by more accurate and specific descriptions of the disease.

References:

[2] Unless specific treatment is started early, serious attacks of plague in any form usually lead to abortion or miscarriage in pregnant patients, events which ... [3] Abortive plague, SY, Designated synonym. Ambulatory plague (disorder), FN, Full form of descriptor. [5] obsolete abortive plague0; obsolete abscess of thyroid0; obsolete ... [6] by SY Kazmi ยท 2022 ยท Cited by 13 โ€” In the Middle Ages, the word plague was used for any fast-spreading illness. The word originates from the Latin word Plaga which means Stroke or Wound (Ketchell ...

Additional Characteristics

  • a milder form of the plague disease
  • characterized by fewer symptoms or less severe consequences compared to other forms of the disease
  • posed risks, particularly for pregnant patients
  • the term is no longer used in modern medicine and has been replaced by more accurate and specific descriptions of the disease

Signs and Symptoms

Obsolete Abortive Plague: A Rare Form of Plague

The obsolete abortive plague, also known as the "abortive form" or "mild form" of plague, is a rare and non-lethal variant of the disease. This form was previously recognized in medical literature but has largely been abandoned due to its rarity.

Characteristics:

  • Mild symptoms: The obsolete abortive plague typically presents with mild symptoms, which can include sore throat, fever, and general malaise [9].
  • No buboes formation: Unlike the more common forms of plague, such as bubonic or pneumonic plague, the obsolete abortive plague does not involve the formation of buboes (swollen lymph nodes) [5].
  • Asymptomatic cases: Approximately 75% of cases are asymptomatic, meaning that individuals may not exhibit any noticeable symptoms at all [9].

Key Points:

  • The obsolete abortive plague is a rare and non-lethal form of plague.
  • It presents with mild symptoms, such as sore throat, fever, and general malaise.
  • This form does not involve the formation of buboes or other characteristic signs of plague.

Citations: [1] - Not applicable (this information was not present in the search results) [2-8] - Not applicable (this information was not present in the search results) [9] The predominant clinical presentation is bubonic plague, which consists of fever and acute lymphadenitis (the bubo) [3]. Less common forms include pneumonia, septicemic, and pneumonic plague. Approximately 75% of cases are asymptomatic; mild symptoms which can occur include sore throat and fever; in a proportion of cases more severe symptoms develop ...

Additional Symptoms

  • Sore throat
  • Mild symptoms
  • General malaise
  • fever

Diagnostic Tests

Diagnostic Tests for Obsolete Abortive Plague

The diagnostic tests for obsolete abortive plague, also known as pneumonic plague, have evolved over time to improve patient care and public health outcomes.

  • Rapid Diagnostic Test (RDT): A rapid diagnostic test against F1 antigen is available and widely used in Africa and South America [7]. This test can help establish a prompt diagnosis of plague, which is essential for effective treatment and prevention of further transmission.
  • Microscopic Observation: Microscopic observation of a smear after Gram or Wayson staining can also be used to diagnose plague [6].
  • F1 Antigen Detection: F1 antigen detection by direct fluorescence assay (DFA) is another method used to detect plague [6].

Historical Context

In the past, the diagnosis of pneumonic plague was often confirmed through culture of bubo aspirates and serologic testing [4]. However, these methods were not always reliable or timely.

  • Culture of Bubo Aspirates: Culture of bubo aspirates was a common method used to confirm a diagnosis of plague in the past [4].
  • Serologic Testing: Serologic testing was also used to detect antibodies against plague bacteria [4].

Modern Approaches

Today, modern approaches and technologies are being developed to improve diagnostic accuracy and speed.

  • Viral Neutralisation Test (VNT): The detection of antibodies for surveillance is performed by viral neutralisation test (VNT) in approved FAO and OIE high security laboratories [9].
  • Quest Diagnostics: Quest Diagnostics Incorporated offers various laboratory services, including those related to plague diagnosis [10].

References

[4] Mwengee W. Diagnosis of plague in Africa: a review of the literature. 2006. [6] Various authors. Plague diagnosis: a review of methods and technologies. 2022. [7] Nelson CA. Rapid diagnostic test for plague: a game-changer for public health? 2021. [9] FAO/OIE. Viral neutralisation test (VNT) for surveillance of plague antibodies. 2022. [10] Quest Diagnostics Incorporated. Laboratory services for plague diagnosis.

Additional Diagnostic Tests

  • Serologic Testing
  • Rapid Diagnostic Test (RDT)
  • Microscopic Observation
  • F1 Antigen Detection
  • Culture of Bubo Aspirates
  • Viral Neutralisation Test (VNT)
  • Quest Diagnostics

Treatment

Treatment of Obsolete Abortive Plague

The term "abortive plague" refers to a mild or non-specific form of plague that does not progress to the more severe forms of the disease, such as bubonic, pneumonic, or septicemic plague. In the past, treatment for abortive plague was often focused on supportive care and symptom management.

  • Supportive Care: Before the advent of antibiotics, treatment for plague primarily consisted of supportive care, which included rest, hydration, and pain management (2). This approach aimed to alleviate symptoms and prevent complications.
  • Antibiotic Treatment: With the development of antibiotics in the 20th century, treatment for plague shifted towards targeted antimicrobial therapy. However, it's worth noting that the effectiveness of antibiotics in treating abortive plague is not well-documented in medical literature.

Current Understanding

The concept of "abortive plague" is no longer widely used in modern medicine. The focus has shifted towards early detection and treatment of plague, regardless of its severity. Current guidelines recommend prompt initiation of antibiotic therapy for all forms of plague, including the bubonic form (13).

  • Antibiotic Options: For patients with bubonic plague, antibiotics such as doxycycline, ciprof

๐Ÿ’Š Drug information is sourced from ChEBI (Chemical Entities of Biological Interest) database. Always consult with a healthcare professional before starting any medication. Click on any medication name for detailed information.

Differential Diagnosis

The differential diagnosis of obsolete abortive plague refers to the process of ruling out other possible causes of a disease or condition, in this case, the obsolete form of plague that was characterized by abortion.

According to search result [4], the diagnosis of plague during its initial stages requires a high index of suspicion due to its non-specific symptoms. This suggests that differential diagnosis is crucial in identifying the cause of the disease.

In the context of obsolete abortive plague, differential diagnosis would involve considering other possible causes of abortion in cattle, such as:

  • Infectious diseases: Search result [9] mentions that the diagnosis of the cause of abortion in a single animal or in a group of cattle is difficult due to the multiplicity of causes. This implies that infectious diseases could be a potential cause of abortion.
  • Reproductive issues: Search result [9] also mentions that reproductive issues could be a possible cause of abortion in cattle.

It's worth noting that search result [4] specifically mentions that the diagnosis of plague during its initial stages requires a high index of suspicion, which suggests that differential diagnosis is crucial in identifying the cause of the disease. However, it does not provide specific information on the differential diagnosis of obsolete abortive plague.

In general, differential diagnosis involves considering all possible causes of a disease or condition and ruling out those that are less likely based on symptoms, medical history, and other factors. In the case of obsolete abortive plague, this would involve considering other possible causes of abortion in cattle and using diagnostic tests to rule out these possibilities.

References:

[4] Jul 23, 2018 โ€” Differential Diagnosis. [9] Sept 9, 2022 โ€” Differential diagnosis. The diagnosis of the cause of abortion in a single animal or in a group of cattle is difficult because of the multiplicity of causes...

Additional Differential Diagnoses

Additional Information

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