obsolete entomophthoromycosis

**Obsoles

Obsolete Entomophthoromycosis Signs and Symptoms

Entomophthoromycosis, a rare fungal infection caused by fungi of the order Entomoph

Based on the provided context, it appears that there are several diagnostic tests associated with entomophthoromycosis, a disease process previously included under the now-obsolete heading "zygomycosis".

Culture and Histopathology

The diagnosis of entomophthoromycosis can be confirmed by culture, histopathology, and detection of the microorganism by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) [1][2]. This suggests that a sample from an infected tissue is cultured to identify the presence of the fungus.

Immunodiffusion Tests

Immunodiffusion tests for the detection of antibodies have been helpful in the diagnosis of conidiobolomycosis and basidiobolomycosis, although these are not specifically mentioned as diagnostic methods for entomophthoromycosis [4].

Biopsy and Tissue Culture

Diagnosis is mainly by biopsy and tissue culture [5]. This indicates that a sample from an infected tissue is taken and cultured to identify the presence of the fungus.

Wet Mount, Serological Assays, and Molecular Methodologies

Laboratory diagnosis includes wet mount, culture serological assays, and molecular methodologies [7][8]. This suggests that various methods are used to diagnose entomophthoromycosis, including examining a sample under a microscope (wet mount), testing for antibodies in the blood (serological assays), and using DNA probes to identify the presence of the fungus.

Culture of Infected Tissue

Culture of infected tissue remains the definitive method of laboratory diagnosis [9]. This reiterates that culturing a sample from an infected tissue is the most reliable way to diagnose entomophthoromycosis.

In summary, the diagnostic tests for obsolete entomophthoromycosis include:

• Culture and histopathology
• Biopsy and tissue culture
• Immunodiffusion tests (for conidiobolomycosis and basidiobolomycosis)
• Wet mount, serological assays, and molecular methodologies
• Culture of infected tissue

References: [1] JD Acosta-España · 2022 · Cited by 7 [2] JD Acosta-España · 2022 · Cited by 7 [4] S Menon · 2018 · Cited by 2 [5] S Menon · 2018 · Cited by 2 [7] Aug 29, 2018 [8] N Shaikh · 2016 · Cited by 78 [9] Oct 22, 2024

Treatment Options for Obsolete Entomophthoromycosis

Entomophthoromycosis, a rare subcutaneous and mucocutaneous fungal infection, was previously known as zygomycosis. Although the term is now considered obsolete, the disease itself still requires effective treatment.

• Itraconazole: This antifungal triazole is the therapy of choice for treating entomophthoromycosis (Queiroz-Telles et al., 2017b). It has been shown to be effective in managing this condition.
• Potassium iodide (KI): In some cases, potassium iodide may be used as an alternative treatment option. However, its effectiveness is still being studied and debated among medical professionals.
• Amphotericin B: Although amphotericin B has a minimal role in treating entomophthoromycosis, it may still be considered in certain situations (Shaikh et al., 2016).

Important Considerations

It's essential to note that the management of entomophthoralean fungi relies on traditional antifungal therapies, such as potassium iodide, amphotericin B, itraconazole, and others (Vilela et al., 2018). The choice of treatment will depend on various factors, including the severity of the infection and the patient's overall health.

References

• Shaikh, N. (2016). Treatment and Outcome​​ While amphotericin B is the cornerstone of medical therapy for the treatment of mucormycosis, it has a minimal role in treating entomophthoromycosis. [1][3]
• Vilela, R. (2018). The management of entomophthoralean fungi relies on traditional antifungal therapies, such as potassium iodide (KI), amphotericin B, itraconazole, and others. [6][7]
• Queiroz-Telles, F., et al. (2017b). Itraconazole is the therapy of choice for treating entomophthoromycosis. [2]

Differential Diagnosis of Obsolete Entomophthoromycosis

The differential diagnosis of obsolete entomophthoromycosis, also known as phycomycosis or mucormycosis, involves a critical analysis of various criteria to distinguish it from other fungal infections. According to [1], the differential diagnosis must be based on epidemiologic, clinical, imaging, histopathologic, microbiologic, and molecular criteria.

Key Considerations

• Epidemiology: The geographical location and demographic characteristics of the patient can help differentiate entomophthoromycosis from other fungal infections. [1]
• Clinical Presentation: The symptoms and signs presented by the patient, such as skin lesions or mucocutaneous involvement, can aid in the differential diagnosis. [11]
• Imaging Studies: Radiological findings, including imaging of the affected area, can help differentiate entomophthoromycosis from other conditions. [3]
• **Hist