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obsolete Trichophyton violaceum tinea capitis
ICD-10 Codes
Description
Obsolescence of Trichophyton violaceum Tinea Capitis
Trichophyton violaceum was once a common cause of tinea capitis, particularly in certain geographic regions. However, its prevalence has significantly decreased over the years due to various factors.
- Global Distribution: Historically, T. violaceum had a global distribution, causing tinea capitis in many parts of the world (11). However, its incidence has declined in several regions.
- Geographic Variations: The pathogens responsible for tinea capitis vary across different geographic regions. While T. tonsurans is the most common cause in North America, accounting for greater than 90% of infections (15), T. violaceum was more prevalent in other parts of the world, such as Africa and Asia.
- Endothrix Infections: Trichophyton violaceum typically causes endothrix infections, which result in breakage of the hair at the level of the scalp, leaving stubs of the proximal hair shaft behind within the follicle (13). This creates the appearance of black dots on a patch of hair loss.
The decline of T. violaceum as a common cause of tinea capitis can be attributed to various factors, including changes in human behavior, improved hygiene practices, and the emergence of other pathogens. While it is still possible for T. violaceum to cause tinea capitis in certain regions, its obsolescence as a major public health concern has been noted.
References: [11] [12] [13]
Additional Characteristics
- Global Distribution: Historically, T. violaceum had a global distribution, causing tinea capitis in many parts of the world (11). However, its incidence has declined in several regions.
- The decline of T. violaceum as a common cause of tinea capitis can be attributed to various factors, including changes in human behavior, improved hygiene practices, and the emergence of other pathogens. While it is still possible for T. violaceum to cause tinea capitis in certain regions, its obsolescence as a major public health concern has been noted.
- Endothrix Infections: Trichophyton violaceum typically causes endothrix infections, which result in breakage of the hair at the level of the scalp, leaving stubs of the proximal hair shaft behind within the follicle (13). This creates the appearance of black dots on a patch of hair loss.
- Geographic Variations: The pathogens responsible for tinea capitis vary across different geographic regions. While T. tonsurans is the most common cause in North America, accounting for greater than 90% of infections (15), T. violaceum was more prevalent in other parts of the world, such as Africa and Asia.
Signs and Symptoms
Based on the provided context, here are the signs and symptoms of obsolete Trichophyton violaceum tinea capitis:
- Hair loss: Tinea capitis caused by Trichophyton violaceum can lead to significant hair loss, ranging from mild scaling with little hair loss to large inflammatory and pustular plaques with extensive alopecia [4].
- Dry scaly areas: The infection can cause dry, scaly areas on the scalp, similar to dandruff but often accompanied by moth-eaten hair loss [5].
- Black dots: Broken-off hairs at the scalp surface, which is scaly, are known as black dots [5].
- Smooth areas of the scalp: In some cases, the infection can cause smooth areas of the scalp, which may be a result of hair loss and inflammation [5].
- Inflammatory papules, pustules, and plaques: More severe forms of Trichophyton violaceum tinea capitis are associated with inflammatory papules, pustules, and plaques as well as systemic symptoms such as fever and malaise [6].
It's worth noting that Trichophyton violaceum is an obsolete species of dermatophyte fungus, and its role in causing tinea capitis has been largely replaced by other species such as
Additional Symptoms
- Black dots
- Dry scaly areas
- Smooth areas of the scalp
- Inflammatory papules, pustules, and plaques
- hair loss
Diagnostic Tests
Based on the search results, it appears that there are several diagnostic tests used to diagnose tinea capitis caused by Trichophyton violaceum.
- Potassium hydroxide (KOH) wet-mount examination: This is a common diagnostic test for tinea capitis. A sample of skin scraping is placed in a solution of potassium hydroxide, and the presence of fungal elements can be observed under a microscope [7].
- Fungal culture: Another diagnostic test for tinea capitis is fungal culture. A sample of skin scraping is cultured on a medium to grow the fungus, which can then be identified as Trichophyton violaceum [7].
- Dermoscopy: Dermoscopy, a non-invasive technique, might assist in the diagnosis when suspecting tinea capitis. Dermoscopic features observed in tinea corporis and tinea capitis might also be present in cases of Trichophyton violaceum infection [9].
It's worth noting that these diagnostic tests are not specific to Trichophyton violaceum, but can be used to diagnose other types of fungal infections as well.
References:
[7] Diagnostic examinations include potassium hydroxide wet-mount examination of skin scrapings and fungal culture, as described earlier for tinea capitis. [9] Dermoscopic features observed in tinea corporis and tinea capitis might also be present in cases of Trichophyton violaceum infection.
Additional Diagnostic Tests
- Fungal culture
- Dermoscopy
- Potassium hydroxide (KOH) wet-mount examination
Treatment
Obsolete Treatments for Trichophyton violaceum Tinea Capitis
While there are several effective treatments available today, some older medications were once used to treat Trichophyton violaceum tinea capitis. These include:
- Griseofulvin: This was a widely used medication in the past to treat tinea capitis caused by Trichophyton species [9]. However, it is no longer available in some countries, including New Zealand.
- Terbinafine oral granules: Although approved for treating tinea capitis in patients older than 4 years in 2007 [5], terbinafine was not specifically mentioned as a treatment for Trichophyton violaceum tinea capitis.
It's essential to note that these treatments are now considered obsolete due to the availability of more effective and safer options. The current standard of care for treating Trichophyton violaceum tinea capitis involves systemic antifungal therapy, which is more effective in eradicating the infection [1].
**Current Treatment Options
Recommended Medications
- Terbinafine oral granules
- griseofulvin
- Griseofulvin
💊 Drug information is sourced from ChEBI (Chemical Entities of Biological Interest) database. Always consult with a healthcare professional before starting any medication. Click on any medication name for detailed information.
Differential Diagnosis
The differential diagnosis for obsolete Trichophyton violaceum tinea capitis involves considering various conditions that can cause similar symptoms and appearances on the scalp.
According to search result [1], the differential diagnosis list is extensive and includes any condition which may present with patchy baldness with inflammatory changes of the scalp. This list includes:
- Alopecia areata
- Atopic dermatitis
- Folliculitis
- Impetigo
- Lupus erythematosus
- Psoriasis
- Seborrheic dermatitis
Search result [3] also mentions that the differential diagnosis of tinea capitis includes all conditions capable of causing patchy baldness with inflammatory changes of the scalp, including alopecia areata which may show erythema.
In
Additional Differential Diagnoses
Additional Information
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- obsolete Trichophyton violaceum tinea capitis
- IAO_0000115
- An endothrix infectious disease that results_in anthropophilic fungal infection located_in skin, located_in nail, located_in beard, and located_in scalp, has_material_basis_in Trichophyton violaceum and results_in_formation_of scaling lesions. The hairs become notably fragile and break easily at the level of the scalp. The rest of the infected follicle looks like black dots.
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