Chapare hemorrhagic fever

Chapare Hemorrhagic Fever (CHHF) Description

Chapare hemorrhagic fever, caused by the Chapare virus (a new arenavirus), is an acute viral hemorrhagic fever characterized by:

• Fever: A high temperature that can be accompanied by other symptoms such as myalgia and arthralgia.
• Myalgia: Muscle pain or aching.
• Arthralgia: Joint pain or aching.
• Multiple hemorrhagic signs: Bleeding or bruising in various parts of the body.

About a third of untreated cases go on to develop more severe symptoms, including:

• Delirium: A state of confusion and altered consciousness.
• Coma: A state of deep unconsciousness.
• Convulsions: Seizures or fits.
• Death: In severe cases, Chapare hemorrhagic fever can be fatal.

It's worth noting that surveillance for mammarenaviruses, including the Chapare virus, is ongoing in South America to better understand and control these viral hemorrhagic fevers.

Chapare Hemorrhagic Fever (CHHF) Signs and Symptoms

Chapare hemorrhagic fever, caused by the Chapare virus, is an acute viral hemorrhagic fever characterized by a range of symptoms. The following are some of the documented signs and symptoms of CHHF:

• Fever: A high temperature, which can be accompanied by other symptoms such as headache, myalgia (muscle pain), and arthralgia (joint pain) [1][2][3].
• Multiple hemorrhagic signs: Bleeding or hemorrhaging in various parts of the body, including the skin, mucous membranes, and internal organs [1][2][4].
• Delirium, coma, and convulsions: In severe cases, untreated CHHF can progress to more serious symptoms such as delirium (confusion), coma (unconsciousness), and convulsions (seizures) [1][3][5].

It's worth noting that the incubation period of CHHF is unknown, but for other similar hemorrhagic fevers like Argentine hemorrhagic fever, it can range from 6 to 16 days [15]. The clinical course of CHHF may also include symptoms such as vomiting and severe upper digestive issues [5][8].

References:

[1] Chapare hemorrhagic fever, caused by the Chapare virus (a new arenavirus), discovered from a small outbreak in Cochabamba, Bolivia between 2003 and 2004, is an acute viral hemorrhagic fever characterized by fever, myalgia, arthralgia, and multiple hemorrhagic signs. About a third of untreated cases go on to develop more severe symptoms with delirium, coma and convulsions and death (in one case). No other cases have been reported.

[2] Chapare hemorrhagic fever, caused by the Chapare virus (a new arenavirus), discovered from a small outbreak in Cochabamba, Bolivia between 2003 and 2004, is ... and multiple hemorrhagic signs. About a third of untreated cases go on to develop more severe symptoms with delirium, coma and convulsions and death.

[3] Caused by the Chapare virus, this disease is characterized by fever, myalgia, arthralgia, and multiple hemorrhagic signs. About a third of untreated cases go on to develop more severe symptoms with delirium, coma and convulsions and death.

[4] An acute viral haemorrhagic fever characterised by fever, myalgia, arthralgia, and multiple haemorrhagic signs. About a third of untreated cases go on to develop more severe symptoms with delirium, coma and convulsions and death.

[5] The symptoms of CHHF resemble those of other South American hemorrhagic fevers, such as Argentine hemorrhagic fever or Bolivian hemorrhagic fever. Due to the low number of known illnesses from the Chapare virus, there is limited information about the disease. Documented signs and symptoms of CHHF include: Fever. Headache

[8] An acute viral haemorrhagic fever characterised by fever, myalgia, arthralgia, and multiple haemorrhagic signs. About a third of untreated cases go on to develop more severe symptoms with delirium, coma and convulsions and death.

[15] The symptoms of CHHF, as reported in the only described patient, resemble those of other South American hemorrhagic fevers, such as Argentine HF or Bolivian HF. The incubation period is unknown, but for Argentine hemorrhagic fever (AHF) is 6 to 16 days.

Diagnostic Tests for Chapare Hemorrhagic Fever (CHHF)

Chapare hemorrhagic fever (CHHF) can be diagnosed through various diagnostic tests, which are crucial for prompt and accurate diagnosis.

• Blood Tests: Blood tests that detect the virus, such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR), are used to diagnose CHHF. These tests can identify the presence of the virus in a patient's blood [3].
• Nucleic Acid Detection: Nucleic acid detection has become a common diagnostic tool for identifying viral diseases, including CHHF. This method surpasses the limit of detection for traditional serological methods [4].
• Molecular Techniques: Molecular techniques are preferred when handling viral hemorrhagic fever specimens in laboratories that do not have BSL4. These techniques provide accurate and reliable results [6].

Guidelines for Diagnostic Testing

The following guidelines provide guidance on performing routine diagnostic testing necessary for management and care of patients with CHHF:

• Minimum Sample Requirements: A minimum sample size of 0.5 mL is required for whole blood, serum, CSF, other bodily fluids, and fresh frozen tissues [7].
• Diagnostic Guidance: This webpage provides guidance for hospitals and clinical laboratories on performing routine diagnostic testing necessary for management and care of patients with CHHF [5].

References

[1] Specific real-time quantitative reverse-transcriptase–polymerase-chain-reaction (RT-PCR) assays targeting the L and S segments of CHAPV were developed to diagnose CHHF [2]. [3] Testing and Diagnosis. Healthcare providers can diagnose CHHF with blood tests that detect the virus, like polymerase chain reaction (PCR). [4] Nucleic acid detection has become a common diagnostic tool for identifying viral diseases, including VHF. [5] This webpage provides guidance for hospitals and clinical laboratories on performing routine diagnostic testing necessary for management and care of patients [6] Molecular techniques are preferred when handling viral hemorrhagic fever specimens in laboratories that do not have BSL4. [7] Viral hemorrhagic fever. Specimen: Whole blood, serum, CSF, other bodily fluids (minimum sample 0.5 mL) and fresh frozen tissues ...

Unfortunately, there is limited information available on the drug treatment of Chapare hemorrhagic fever (CHHF). However, based on the search results provided, here are some relevant points:

• There is no specific mention of a cure or effective treatment for CHHF in the search results. [12]
• The only documented outbreak of CHHF resulted in one death, and it's unclear what treatment was administered to the patient. [14]
• In general, there is no specific information on the drug treatment of arenaviruses, which include the Chapare virus that causes CHHF. [12]

However, it's worth noting that for other viral hemorrhagic fevers, supportive care and management of symptoms are often the primary focus of treatment. This may include:

• Fluid replacement to manage dehydration
• Management of bleeding and hemorrhaging
• Supportive care for respiratory and cardiovascular complications

It's also important to note that CHHF is a rare disease, and as such, there may be limited experience with treating it in medical practice.

If you're looking for more information on the treatment of viral hemorrhagic fevers or arenaviruses, I'd be happy to try and provide some general information. However, please keep in mind that this would not be specific to CHHF.

References:

[12] Chapare hemorrhagic fever, caused by the Chapare virus (a new arenavirus), discovered from a small outbreak in Cochabamba, Bolivia between 2003 and 2004, is ... [14] What it is. Chapare hemorrhagic fever (CHHF) is a type of illness caused by infection with Chapare virus.

Chapare Hemorrhagic Fever (CHHF) Differential Diagnosis

Chapare hemorrhagic fever (CHHF), caused by the Chapare virus, is a rare and severe febrile illness. When diagnosing CHHF, it's essential to consider other differential diagnoses that may present similar symptoms.

• Dengue: Like CHHF, dengue fever can cause high fever, headache, and muscle pain (myalgia) [3].
• Bolivian Hemorrhagic Fever (BHF): BHF is another viral hemorrhagic fever caused by Machupo or Chapare viruses. The symptoms of BHF are similar to those of CHHF, including fever, bleeding, and organ failure [4].
• Dengue, Bolivian Hemorrhagic Fever, and other Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers: These conditions share many similarities with CHHF, including fever, nonspecific symptoms such as myalgia, arthralgia, and hemorrhaging [3].

Other differential diagnoses to consider include:

• Acute Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infection
• Chikungunya Virus
• Leptospirosis
• Malaria
• Malignancy

It's crucial to note that a definitive diagnosis of CHHF can only be made through laboratory testing, such as PCR or serology.

References:

[1] by R Loayza Mafayle · 2022 · Cited by 26 — The etiologic agent was identified as Mammarenavirus Chapare mammarenavirus, or Chapare virus (CHAPV), which causes Chapare hemorrhagic fever (CHHF).

[3] by RL Mafayle · 2022 · Cited by 26 — Dengue, CHHF, and Bolivian hemorrhagic fever share many similarities (notably, fever and nonspecific symptoms such as myalgia, arthralgia, ...

[4] by CR Silva-Ramos · 2021 · Cited by 22 — Bolivian hemorrhagic fever (BHF) is a sporadic high-mortality febrile illness. Two etiological agents are currently recognized: Machupo virus and Chapare virus.

[5] by R Loayza Mafayle · 2022 · Cited by 26 — CHAPARE VIRUS (CHAPV; GENUS MAMmarenavirus, family Arenaviridae) causes Chapare hemorrhagic fever (CHHF).