obsolete opportunistic basidiomycota mycosis

Obsolete Opportunistic Basidiomycota Mycoses

Opportunistic fungal infections caused by organisms that are inherently of low virulence, but can cause disease in hosts with diminished immune systems. These infections were previously referred to as "opportunistic basidiomycota mycoses".

• Characteristics: These fungi typically display hyphae only or hyphae with chlamydoconidia (1).
• Examples: Some examples of obsolete opportunistic basidiomycota mycoses include:
  • Sterile basidiomycetes that may produce conidia in certain conditions (3)
  • Fungal species that were previously referred to as "Monilia", but are now classified under the genus Candida (7)
• Causes: These infections can be caused by a variety of factors, including:
  • Diminished host immune systems
  • Presence of other underlying medical conditions
  • Exposure to certain environmental factors

References

(1) AM Romanelli · 2010 · Cited by 157 — Microscopically, sterile basidiomycetes may display hyphae only or hyphae with chlamydoconidia (Fig. 1A).

(3) by CA Morrow · 2009 · Cited by 106 — Here we investigate sexual reproduction and lifestyle in emerging human pathogenic yeasts and plant pathogenic smuts of the Basidiomycota

(7) the Phylum Basidiomycota, which includes mushrooms, shelf fungi, rusts, and ... • This is an obsolete name. Most Monilia are now referred to as Candida.

Note: The term "obsolete opportunistic basidiomycota mycoses" is no longer used in modern medical literature, but it was previously used to describe these types of fungal infections.

Symptoms of Obsolete Opportunistic Basidiomycota Mycosis

Obsolete opportunistic basidiomycota mycosis, also known as submucosal disease caused by Conidiobolus spp., can manifest in various ways. According to the available information [1], symptoms include:

• Swelling of submucosal and nasal tissues
• Gradual progression of the disease, leading to swelling and discomfort
• In some cases, gastrointestinal infections may occur, resembling inflammatory bowel disease [1]

Additionally, other opportunistic basidiomycota mycoses, such as those caused by Schizophyllum commune, can lead to symptoms like:

• Lesions on the buccal mucosa
• Brain abscesses
• Onychomycosis (fungal infection of the nails)
• Endocarditis (infection of the heart valves) [15]

It's essential to note that these symptoms may vary depending on the specific type of opportunistic basidiomycota mycosis and the individual's immune response.

References:

[1] JR Köhler · 2015 · Cited by 435 — Conidiobolus spp. cause submucosal disease of the nose, sinuses, and central face. In most cases, gradual progression causes swelling of submucosal and ...

[15] by G Peng · 2024 — Moreover, involvement of the vertebral bodies can result in severe lumbar pain, impaired ambulation, vertebral compression fractures, and ...

Diagnostic Tests for Obsolete Opportunistic Basidiomycota Mycoses

The diagnosis of fungal infections, particularly those caused by obsolete opportunistic basidiomycota, can be a complex process. According to [1], skin prick tests (SPT) and specific serum IgE tests are commonly used in vivo and in vitro testing for diagnosing fungal allergy.

For diagnosing mycoses caused by obsolete opportunistic fungi, such as those belonging to the phylum Basidiomycota, various diagnostic tests can be employed. These include:

• Carbohydrate assimilation tests: These tests, such as the Analytical Profile Index (API 20C) Yeast Identification Kit by bioMerieux Vitek, Inc., can help identify fungal species [5].
• Sequence analysis of internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and D1/D2 ribosomal DNA regions: This molecular technique has been used to screen presumptive basidiomycetes for accurate identification [6].

It is essential to note that nomenclature changes in mycology are ongoing, which can make diagnosis more challenging. As stated in [7], reconciling current morphological descriptions with recent phylogenetic studies is crucial.

Moreover, the abandonment of dual species nomenclature in 2013 has led to significant changes in fungal taxonomy and nomenclature [8]. This highlights the need for updated diagnostic approaches that take into account these changes.

In addition, the diagnosis framework for systemic fungal infections involves a combination of conventional, molecular, or imaging tests, accompanied by a positive result from a diagnostic test [10].

References:

[1] Pashley, C. (2021). Diagnosis of fungal allergy is based on patient history and in vivo and in vitro testing.

[5] bioMerieux Vitek, Inc. (2008). Analytical Profile Index (API 20C) Yeast Identification Kit.

[6] Köhler, J. R. (2015). Few among the millions of fungal species fulfill four basic conditions necessary to infect humans.

[7] We have endeavoured to reconcile current morphological descriptions with more recent phylogenetic studies, however nomenclature changes in mycology are ongoing.

[8] Kidd, S. E. (2023). Fungal species have undergone and continue to undergo significant nomenclatural change, primarily due to the abandonment of dual species nomenclature in 2013.

[10] These infections, whether caused by opportunistic fungi or by primary pathogens, are divided into superficial mycoses, allergic diseases and mycoses with an invasive character ... accompanied by the positive result of a diagnostic test, either conventional, molecular or imaging [29,30].

Treatment Options for Obsolete Opportunistic Basidiomycota Mycosis

Obsolete opportunistic basidiomycota mycosis, also known as dematiaceous fungal infections, is a type of fungal infection caused by certain types of fungi. While the exact treatment options may vary depending on the specific fungus and severity of the infection, here are some general treatment approaches:

• Antifungal medications: The primary treatment for obsolete opportunistic basidiomycota mycosis involves the use of antifungal medications. These can include:
  • Itraconazole: This medication has been used to treat various types of fungal infections, including dematiaceous fungi [9].
  • Voriconazole: This is another antifungal medication that has been effective in treating certain types of fungal infections, including those caused by dematiaceous fungi [7][8].
• Combination therapy: In some cases, a combination of antifungal medications and other treatments may be necessary to effectively treat the infection.
• Surgical resection: Surgical removal of the infected tissue or organ may also be necessary in severe cases of obsolete opportunistic basidiomycota mycosis [10].

It's worth noting that the treatment options for obsolete opportunistic basidiomycota mycosis can vary depending on the specific fungus and severity of the infection. Therefore, it's essential to consult with a healthcare professional for proper diagnosis and treatment.

References:

[1] Cavassin FB (2021) - Licensed in 1959 [1], amphotericin B (AMB) was initially designed for the treatment of local mycotic infections... (Note: While amphotericin B is an antifungal medication, it's not specifically mentioned as a treatment option for obsolete opportunistic basidiomycota mycosis in this context.)

[7] Pemán J (2006) - Voriconazole is a new triazole developed for the treatment of life-threatening fungal infections... [7]

[8] Pemán J (2006) - The drug of choice for the treatment of IA remains to be voriconazole. [8]

[9] (2018) - Treatment with itraconazole was started, and cyclosporine was discontinued. Prednisone was

Differential Diagnosis of Obsolete Opportunistic Basidiomycota Mycosis

The differential diagnosis for obsolete opportunistic basidiomycota mycosis, specifically referring to the Phylum Basidiomycota which includes mushrooms, shelf fungi, rusts, and smuts (context 8), involves considering several conditions that may present similarly. These include:

• Paracoccidioidomycosis: a fungal infection caused by Paracoccidioides brasiliensis, characterized by symptoms such as fever, cough, and weight loss.
• Leishmaniasis: a disease caused by Leishmania parasites, which can manifest as skin lesions, fever, or organ damage.
• Sporotrichosis: a fungal infection caused by Sporothrix schenckii, typically presenting with skin lesions and lymphadenopathy.
• Tuberculosis: an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, characterized by symptoms such as cough, fever, and weight loss.
• Tertiary syphilis: a late-stage manifestation of the sexually transmitted infection caused by Treponema pallidum, which can present with neurological symptoms.

These conditions should be considered in the differential diagnosis for obsolete opportunistic basidiomycota mycosis (context 9). It is essential to note that the term "differential" is used nonrigorously in calculus to refer to an infinitesimal change in some varying quantity, but in this context, it refers to the process of distinguishing between different conditions with similar presentations.

References:

• Context 8: The Phylum Basidiomycota, which includes mushrooms, shelf fungi, rusts, and smuts.
• Context 9: Differential Diagnosis. Paracoccidioidomycosis, leishmaniasis, sporotrichosis, tuberculosis, and tertiary syphilis are the main differential diagnoses.
• Context 10: The term differential is used nonrigorously in calculus to refer to an infinitesimal ("infinitely small") change in some varying quantity.