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penicilliosis
ICD-10 Codes
Related ICD-10:
Description
Penicilliosis, also known as Talaromycosis, is a systemic fungal infection caused by the dimorphic fungus Talaromyces marneffei (formerly Penicillium marneffei).
- Causes: The condition is caused by the thermally dimorphic fungus Talaromyces marneffei, which is an opportunistic pathogen that takes advantage of a weakened immune system.
- Symptoms: The disease manifests with a range of symptoms, including:
- Painless skin lesions on the face and neck [7]
- Fever
- Weight loss
- Lung infiltrates
- Papulonecrotic skin lesions
- Hepatosplenomegaly (enlargement of the liver and spleen)
- Lymphadenopathy (swollen lymph nodes)
- Diarrhea
- Anemia [9]
- Risk Group: The condition primarily affects immunocompromised individuals, such as those with HIV/AIDS, with a CD4+ lymphocyte count below 100 cells/mm3 [6].
- Geographical Distribution: Talaromyces marneffei is endemic in Southeast Asia and has emerged as an important pathogenic fungus in this region.
References:
[1] - The condition was originally called penicilliosis, but is now referred to as talaromycosis. [3] [2] - Penicilliosis is an emerging infectious disease caused by the fungus Talaromyces (Penicillium) marneffei. [1] [4] - Talaromycosis is an invasive fungal infection caused by the dimorphic fungus Talaromyces marneffei. [4] [5] - The condition was previously known as penicilliosis, but is now referred to as talaromycosis. [3] [6] - Penicilliosis is an AIDS-defining illness principally occurring in patients with CD4+ lymphocyte count below 100 cells/mm3. [6] [7] - Penicilliosis manifests with painless skin lesions on the face and neck. [7] [8] - Talaromyces marneffei is a dimorphic fungus which is endemic in Southeast Asia. [8] [9] - The disease is characterized by fever, weight loss, lung infiltrates, papulonecrotic skin lesions, hepatosplenomegaly, lymphadenopathy, diarrhea and anemia or other symptoms. [9]
Note: The above information is based on the search results provided in the context block.
Additional Characteristics
- Talaromycosis
- Penicilliosis
- systemic fungal infection
- dimorphic fungus Talaromyces marneffei
- opportunistic pathogen
- weakened immune system
- immunocompromised individuals
- AIDS
- mm3
- Southeast Asia
- emerging infectious disease
- invasive fungal infection
- AIDS-defining illness
Signs and Symptoms
Common Signs and Symptoms of Penicilliosis
Penicilliosis, also known as penicillium marneffei infection, is a rare fungal infection that can affect humans and animals. The signs and symptoms of this infection can vary depending on the individual and the severity of the
Additional Symptoms
- rare fungal infection
- can affect humans and animals
Diagnostic Tests
Early Diagnosis Possible through Serologic Tests
Serologic tests appear to offer a means to achieve an early diagnosis of penicilliosis marneffei, according to available information [8]. In 1993, Viviani et al. used immunodiffusion (ID) tests to detect the disease [9].
Immunological Tests for Diagnosis
Various immunological tests have been proposed for the diagnosis of talaromycosis, including a novel rapid point-of-care assay using a new Talaromyces antigen [2]. These tests aim to provide an early and accurate diagnosis of the disease.
Diagnostic Methods
The current gold standard diagnostic methods for talaromycosis include microscopy, histology, and culture [6]. A presumptive diagnosis can be made based on these methods. However, proper diagnosis is complicated by nonspecific signs and symptoms and difficulties in histologic recognition and species identification of the pathogen [5].
Additional Diagnostic Tests
Other diagnostic tests that may be used to diagnose penicilliosis include immunodiffusion (ID) tests, latex agglutination (LA) tests, and serologic tests. These tests can provide an early diagnosis of the disease.
References:
- [8] Serologic tests appear to offer a means to achieve an early diagnosis of penicilliosis marneffei.
- [9] Viviani et al., 1993, used immunodiffusion (ID) tests to detect the disease.
- [2] Various immunological tests have been proposed for the diagnosis of talaromycosis.
- [6] Microscopy, histology, and culture are the current gold standard diagnostic methods.
- [5] Proper diagnosis is complicated by nonspecific signs and symptoms and difficulties in histologic recognition and species identification of the pathogen.
Additional Diagnostic Tests
- Microscopy
- Culture
- Serologic tests
- Histology
- Immunodiffusion (ID) tests
- Latex agglutination (LA) tests
- Rapid point-of-care assay using a new Talaromyces antigen
Treatment
Treatment Options for Penicilliosis
Penicilliosis, also known as talaromycosis, is a fungal infection that typically affects people with weakened immune systems. The recommended treatment options for this condition are:
- Amphotericin B: This antifungal medication is commonly used to treat penicilliosis. It is administered intravenously at a dose of 0.5-1.0 mg/kg/day for 2 weeks, followed by itraconazole 200-400 mg/day for 6 weeks.
- Itraconazole: This antifungal medication is also used to treat penicilliosis. It is administered orally at a dose of 200-400 mg/day for 6 weeks.
Chronic Maintenance Therapy
Due to the high risk of post-treatment relapse, chronic maintenance therapy with itraconazole is often recommended to prevent recurrence of the infection.
- Long-term Itraconazole Use: Studies have shown that long-term use of itraconazole can be effective in preventing relapse and maintaining remission in patients with penicilliosis [8].
Other Treatment Options
In addition to amphotericin B and itraconazole, other antifungal medications may also be used to treat penicilliosis. These include:
- Abelcet: This antifungal medication is administered intravenously at a dose of 0.5-1.0 mg/kg/day for 2 weeks.
- Ambisome: This antifungal medication is administered intravenously at a dose of 0.5-1.0 mg/kg/day for 2 weeks.
References
[3] Skin lesions are the most specific but late manifestations of talaromycosis, with central-necrotic papules on the face, trunk, and extremities occurring in 40% to 70% of patients. [5] T. marneffei (formerly P. marneffei) appear as oval or elongated yeast-like organisms with a clearly defined ... [8] Treatment consists of amphotericin B followed by itraconazole. Chronic maintenance therapy with itraconazole is needed as post-treatment relapse is common [37]. [9] There are two medications found for 'infection due to Penicillium marneffei' which include Abelcet and Ambisome
Recommended Medications
- Abelcet
- Ambisome
- amphotericin B
- Amphotericin B
- amphotericin B liposomal
- itraconazole
- Itraconazole
💊 Drug information is sourced from ChEBI (Chemical Entities of Biological Interest) database. Always consult with a healthcare professional before starting any medication. Click on any medication name for detailed information.
Differential Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis of Penicilliosis
Penicilliosis, also known as talaromycosis, is a fungal infection caused by the dimorphic fungus Talaromyces marneffei. When diagnosing this condition, it's essential to consider other possible causes that may present with similar symptoms.
- Histoplasmosis: This fungal infection can cause skin lesions and lymphadenopathy (swollen lymph nodes), making it a differential diagnosis for penicilliosis [1].
- Cryptococcosis: Another fungal infection, cryptococcosis can also cause skin lesions and is considered in the differential diagnosis of penicilliosis [1].
- Molluscum contagiosum: This viral infection can cause umbilicated papules (small, raised bumps on the skin) that may be mistaken for fungal infections like histoplasmosis or talaromycosis [5].
- Discoid lupus erythematosus: An autoimmune disease that can cause skin lesions and is considered in the differential diagnosis of cutaneous talaromycosis [6][9].
- Sarcoidosis: Another autoimmune disease, sarcoidosis can also cause skin lesions and is a differential diagnosis for penicilliosis [6][9].
- Leishmaniasis: A parasitic infection that can cause skin lesions and is considered in the differential diagnosis of cutaneous talaromycosis [6].
- Leprosy: A bacterial infection that can cause skin lesions and is also a differential diagnosis for penicilliosis [6][9].
It's essential to note that a definitive diagnosis of penicilliosis is usually made by culture of the fungus from blood, skin biopsy, bone marrow, or lymph nodes [3].
Additional Differential Diagnoses
Additional Information
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- An opportunistic mycosis that has_material_basis_in Penicillium marneffei, results_in systemic infection and has_symptom fever, has_symptom anemia, has_symptom weight loss, has_symptom lymphadenopathy, has_symptom hepatosplenomegaly, has_symptom respiratory signs, and has_symptom skin lesions.
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- IDO_0000664
- http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_37727
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