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aneruptive fever
ICD-10 Codes
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Description
Eruptive Fever: A Rare but Serious Condition
Eruptive fever, also known as erythema multiforme, is a rare and serious condition characterized by a sudden onset of high fever (over 39 °C) accompanied by severe headache and myalgias [3]. This condition can progress to a generalized cutaneous eruption within 3-5 days [3].
Common Symptoms
The common presenting signs and symptoms of eruptive fever include:
- Fever
- Rash
- Upper respiratory symptoms
- Severe neutropenia (a decrease in the number of white blood cells)
- Cough
These symptoms can occur suddenly, often without warning, and can be accompanied by other systemic symptoms such as conjunctivitis, stomatitis, nasopharyngitis, and urethral meatitis [1][7].
Types of Eruptive Fever
There are two types of eruptive fever: a rare type with fever, malaise, and generalized skin eruption, which was first described by von Hebra in 1866 [2]; and an unusual type associated with conjunctivitis, stomatitis, nasopharyngitis, and urethral meatitis, as presented in a case study by PA Bradlow in 1948 [1][7].
Treatment and Prognosis
The treatment for eruptive fever typically involves supportive care, such as hydration and pain management, to manage symptoms. In severe cases, hospitalization may be necessary to monitor and treat complications.
While the prognosis for eruptive fever is generally good with prompt treatment, it can be a serious condition that requires immediate medical attention [5][6].
References
[1] PA Bradlow (1948) - A case of an unusual eruptive fever associated with conjunctivitis, stomatitis,nasopharyngitis, and urethral meatitis is presented. [Cited by 11]
[2] A Patz (1947) - IN 1866 von Hebra1 first described erythema multiforme as a generalized skin eruption without marked systemic symptoms; a rare type with fever, malaise, ... [Cited by 24]
[3] Sudden onset of fever (temperature of over 39 °C) with severe headache and myalgias. · 3 to 5 days later; onset of generalised cutaneous eruption (see below).
[4] AM STEVENS (1922) - Two cases of an extraordinary, generalized, eruption with continued fever, inflamed buccal mucosa and severe purulent conjunctivitis. [Cited by 808]
[5] RJ Petrella (2024) - In addition to fever, common presenting signs and symptoms include rash, upper respiratory symptoms, severe neutropenia, cough ...
[6] Apr 24, 2024 - In addition to fever, common presenting signs and symptoms include rash, upper respiratory symptoms, severe neutropenia, cough ...
[7] PA Bradlow (1948) - A case of an unusual eruptive fever associated with conjunctivitis, stomatitis,nasopharyngitis, and urethral meatitis is presented.
Additional Characteristics
- Cough
- Fever
- Rash
- Upper respiratory symptoms
- Severe neutropenia (a decrease in the number of white blood cells)
Signs and Symptoms
Early symptoms of eruptive fevers are usually very mild, including:
- Low-grade fever [9]
- Headache [9]
- Runny nose [9]
- Sore throat [9]
- Itching [9]
- Nausea or vomiting [9]
- Diarrhea [9]
These symptoms may be followed by the development of a rash, which is a characteristic feature of eruptive fevers. The rash can take various forms, such as:
- Maculopapular rash: A flat, red rash that covers large areas of the body [2]
- Generalized diffuse erythema: A widespread redness of the skin [2]
- Vesicular, pustular, nodular, petechial, and purpuric rashes: These are different types of rashes that can occur in eruptive fevers [2]
In some cases, eruptive fevers may also be accompanied by other symptoms, such as:
- Lymphadenopathy: Swollen lymph nodes [3]
- Cardiac artery involvement: Inflammation of the heart's arteries [3]
- Peeling skin: A late feature of some eruptive fevers [3]
It is essential to note that the specific symptoms and severity of eruptive fevers can vary depending on the underlying cause. If you suspect that you or someone else has an eruptive fever, it is crucial to seek medical attention promptly.
References: [2] - Febrile rashes are classified into maculopapular rash, generalized diffuse erythema, and vesicular, pustular, nodular, petechial, and purpuric rashes. [3] - Fever and generalised rash · Young child with red skin and mucosal surfaces · Swollen hands and feet · Peeling is a late feature · Lymphadenopathy · Cardiac artery ... [9] - Early symptoms are usually very mild. These may include: Low fever; Headache; Runny nose; Sore throat; Itching; Nausea or vomiting; Diarrhea. A rash is usually ...
Additional Symptoms
- Runny nose
- Sore throat
- Nausea or vomiting
- Generalized diffuse erythema
- Vesicular, pustular, nodular, petechial, and purpuric rashes
- Cardiac artery involvement
- low-grade fever
- lymphadenopathy
- diarrhea
- maculopapular rash
- skin peeling
- itching
- headache
Diagnostic Tests
Based on the context provided, here are some diagnostic tests that may be relevant for eruptive fevers:
- Blood culture: To identify bacterial infections such as Rickettsioses.
- Swab for bacterial and viral culture: To diagnose conditions like blisters, erosions, pustules or crusts.
- Complete Blood Count (CBC): To determine the presence of leukocytosis or thrombocytopenia.
- C-reactive protein (CRP) test: To assess inflammation levels in the body.
- Serologic tests: To confirm Rickettsioses, such as two serological tests at an interval of 10 days.
- Throat culture: For diagnosing scarlet fever.
- Liver function tests: To evaluate liver health and rule out conditions like hepatitis.
- Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR): To measure inflammation levels in the body.
Please note that these diagnostic tests may not be exhaustive, and the specific tests required would depend on the individual case and symptoms presented. It's always best to consult with a healthcare professional for accurate diagnosis and treatment.
Additional Diagnostic Tests
- Liver function tests
- Complete Blood Count (CBC)
- Serologic tests
- Blood culture
- Swab for bacterial and viral culture
- C-reactive protein (CRP) test
- Throat culture
- Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)
Treatment
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Recommended Medications
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Differential Diagnosis
Aneruptive fever, also known as boutonneuse fever or Mediterranean spotted fever, is a tick-borne disease caused by the bacterium Rickettsia conorii. When considering the differential diagnosis for aneruptive fever, several conditions should be taken into account.
- Japanese Spotted Fever: This condition presents with similar symptoms to aneruptive fever, including fever, headache, and eschar at the site of the tick bite [4].
- Malaria: In some regions, such as Vientiane, the capital of Laos, malaria is a significant differential diagnosis for adults admitted with fever to the hospital [2].
- Rickettsialpox: This disease, caused by Rickettsia akari, can present with symptoms similar to aneruptive fever, including fever, headache, and rash [10].
- Tick-borne relapsing fever: This condition, caused by Borrelia species, can also be considered in the differential diagnosis of aneruptive fever, particularly in regions where ticks are prevalent.
- Other tick-borne diseases: Such as Ehrlichiosis and Anaplasmosis, should also be considered in the differential diagnosis.
It's essential to note that the clinical picture of aneruptive fever can be complex, with both single and co-infections occurring [3]. Therefore, a comprehensive diagnostic approach is necessary to accurately diagnose this condition.
Additional Differential Diagnoses
Additional Information
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