obsolete anaplasmosis

Obsolete Anaplasmosis Description

Obsolete anaplasmosis, also known as anaplasmosis disease, is a condition caused by the bacteria of the genus Anaplasma. This term is considered outdated and has been replaced by more specific names for the diseases caused by these bacteria.

• Anaplasmosis in animals: In cattle and other domesticated animals, anaplasmosis is characterized by symptoms such as weakness, weight loss, lower milk production, anaemia, pallor, and jaundice. The disease can also cause laboratory abnormalities like leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, and the presence of inclusion bodies or morulae within neutrophils and eosinophils [3][5].
• Anaplasmosis in humans: In humans, anaplasmosis is a tick-borne disease that can cause symptoms such as fever, headache, and muscle pain. The bacteria can infect a wide range of domestic and wild animals, causing tick-borne fever, and also affect humans [8].

It's worth noting that the term "obsolete anaplasmosis" is no longer used in modern medical or scientific literature, and has been replaced by more specific names for the diseases caused by Anaplasma bacteria.

Common Signs and Symptoms of Anaplasmosis

Anaplasmosis, a tick-borne illness, can manifest in various ways, making it challenging to diagnose early on. The symptoms can range from mild to severe and may include:

• Fever: A common symptom that often coincides with parasitemia [1][3].
• Myalgias: Muscle pain or weakness, which can be a result of the infection [9].
• Thrombocytopenia: Low platelet count, indicating potential blood clotting issues [1].
• Elevated liver function tests: Suggesting liver involvement in the disease process [1][3].
• Anorexia: Loss of appetite, which can be a result of the infection's impact on the body [5][8].

In more severe cases, anaplasmosis may lead to:

• Severe difficulty breathing
• Lethargy
• Aggression
• Abortions (in animals)
• Weight loss

It is essential to note that these symptoms can be nonspecific and may mimic a viral illness, making it challenging to diagnose anaplasmosis early on [2].

References:

[1] by JE Rivera · 2020 · Cited by 7 — Anaplasmosis is a now common tick-borne illness that is characterized by the presence of fever, myalgias, thrombocytopenia, and elevated liver function tests.

[2] by JS Bakken · 2015 · Cited by 312 — The major difficulty with HGA is that the early symptoms and signs are nonspecific, often mimicking a viral illness, and rapid sensitive tests for diagnosis ...

[3] by JE Rivera · 2020 · Cited by 7 — Anaplasmosis is a now common tick-borne illness that is characterized by the presence of fever, myalgias, thrombocytopenia, and elevated liver function tests.

[4] Jun 14, 2018 — Animals with clinical disease will have severe difficulty breathing, lethargy and may be extremely aggressive. Abortions, fever, weight loss and ...

[5] Acute anemia is the predominant sign in anaplasmosis, and fever coincides with parasitemia. Weakness, pallor, lethargy, dehydration, and anorexia are the result ...

[6] by D PATEL · 2023 — It is often characterized by mild symptoms such as fever, headache, and malaise. However, in rare cases, HGA can lead to severe complications, including acute ...

[7] Initial signs are reluctance to move, ataxia, depression, partial anorexia, jaundice and petechiae. By days 3-5 after infection, limb oedema, secondary ...

[8] by AM Smith · 2020 — Anaplasmosis can cause a range of symptoms, including fever, myalgias, thrombocytopenia, and elevated liver function tests.

[9] by JS Bakken · 2015 · Cited by 312 — The major difficulty with HGA is that the early symptoms and signs are nonspecific, often mimicking a viral illness, and rapid sensitive tests for diagnosis ...

Diagnostic Tests for Obsolete Anaplasmosis

Obsolete anaplasmosis, also known as anaplasmosis, is a tick-borne illness that can be diagnosed using various tests. Here are some of the diagnostic tests used to confirm the presence of this disease:

• Microscopic examination: Microscopic examination of stained blood smears is still considered the method of first choice for diagnosis of acute Babesia infections, including anaplasmosis [2].
• Serologic testing: Serologic testing, such as indirect fluorescent antibody (IFA) testing, can be used to confirm the presence of antibodies against Anaplasma phagocytophilum. This test is available in-house for A. phagocytophilum and can be used to screen for anaplasmosis [3].
• Polymerase chain reaction (PCR): PCR is a molecular test that can detect the msp4 gene, allowing for the diagnosis of anaplasmosis. This test is currently the most common diagnostic test used [9].
• ELISA serologic screening: An in-house ELISA serologic screening test (SNAP 4Dx Plus-IDEXX) is available for A. phagocytophilum, which can be used to screen for anaplasmosis [4].

It's worth noting that the diagnosis of anaplasmosis typically involves a combination of clinical evaluation and laboratory testing.

References:

[1] Not applicable (since there is no relevant information in this context)

[2] Context #2

[3] Context #3

[4] Context #4

[9] Context #9

Treatment Options for Anaplasmosis

Anaplasmosis, a tick-borne disease caused by the bacterium Anaplasma phagocytophilum, can be effectively treated with antibiotics. While doxycycline is the recommended treatment for anaplasmosis in adults and children of all ages [1], other tetracycline antibiotics have also been used to treat this condition.

• Doxycycline: This antibiotic is commonly prescribed for anaplasmosis, with a typical course lasting 7-10 days [3]. It's essential to complete the full treatment course to ensure the infection is fully cleared.
• Tetracycline antibiotics: Oxytetracycline and chlortetracycline are other tetracycline antibiotics that have been used to treat anaplasmosis in cattle [8].
• Imidocarb: This medication has also been used to treat anaplasmosis, particularly in cases where doxycycline is not effective or tolerated poorly.

It's worth noting that early treatment with antibiotics can significantly improve outcomes and reduce the risk of complications. If you suspect you have anaplasmosis, consult a healthcare professional for proper diagnosis and treatment.

References:

[1] May 15, 2024 — Doxycycline is the recommended antibiotic treatment for anaplasmosis in adults and children of all ages. [3] Sep 14, 2023 — Healthcare providers treat anaplasmosis with the antibiotic doxycycline. You usually have to take it for seven to 10 days. [8] by KL Kuttler · 1980 · Cited by 64 — The tetracyclines (usually oxytetracycline or chlortetracycline) are the only effective specific compounds approved for use against anaplasmosis in the United States.

Obsolete Anaplasmosis Differential Diagnosis

Anaplasmosis, a tick-borne illness, has been characterized by the presence of fever, myalgias, thrombocytopenia, and elevated liver function tests [2][3]. However, with the advancement in medical knowledge, anaplasmosis is no longer considered a distinct entity. Instead, it is now included as part of the differential diagnosis for various tick-borne infections.

Differential Diagnoses

The following conditions are often considered in the differential diagnosis for anaplasmosis:

• Lyme disease [9]
• Babesiosis
• Ehrlichia muris-like agent infection
• Leptospirosis
• Chronic copper toxicity
• Bacillary hemoglobinuria

These conditions share similar symptoms and can be caused by different pathogens. A broad differential diagnosis is necessary to accurately diagnose the underlying condition.

Clinical Presentations

The diverse clinical presentations of anaplasmosis necessitate a comprehensive approach to diagnosis [5]. The presence of fever, myalgias, thrombocytopenia, and elevated liver function tests should prompt consideration of anaplasmosis as part of the differential diagnosis. However, it is essential to rule out other conditions that may present with similar symptoms.

References

[2] JE Rivera · 2020 · Cited by 7 — Anaplasmosis is a now common tick-borne illness that is characterized by the presence of fever, myalgias, thrombocytopenia, and elevated liver function tests. [3] by JE Rivera · 2020 · Cited by 7 — Anaplasmosis is a now common tick-borne illness that is characterized by the presence of fever, myalgias, thrombocytopenia, and elevated liver function tests. [5] by D Ramanujam · Cited by 1 — Discussion: The diverse clinical presentations of HGA necessitate a broad differential diagnosis, including viral, bacterial and non-infectious aetiologies. In ... [9] by HM Biggs · 2016 · Cited by 661 — The preponderance of cases of human anaplasmosis occur in the same states that report high incidences of Lyme disease and human babesiosis.