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exanthem

ICD-10 Codes

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Description

What is Exanthem?

Exanthem refers to a widespread rash that typically accompanies systemic symptoms such as fever, malaise, and headache. It is usually caused by a viral infection.

  • A viral exanthem rash is an eruption of spots, bumps or blotches on your skin that accompanies a viral infection [1].
  • Exanthem is the medical name given to a widespread rash that is usually accompanied by systemic symptoms such as fever, malaise and headache [2].

Characteristics of Exanthem

The characteristics of exanthem can vary depending on the underlying cause. However, some common features include:

  • Pink, red, or purplish spots
  • A rash covering a large area of the body
  • Likely not itchy, though itchiness may occur in some cases [6]

Causes and Symptoms

Exanthem is usually caused by a viral infection. Many viruses can cause a similar-appearing rash, making it difficult to determine which one is responsible.

  • A viral exanthem is a rash caused by a viral infection. Many viruses can cause a similar-appearing rash, so it is difficult to tell which one is the culprit [8].
  • An exanthem is a rash, usually of viral origin, accompanied by systemic symptoms such as fever, headache and malaise [9].

References

[1] A viral exanthem rash is an eruption of spots, bumps or blotches on your skin that accompanies a viral infection. [2] Exanthem is the medical name given to a widespread rash that is usually accompanied by systemic symptoms such as fever, malaise and headache. [6] Mar 25, 2024 — Describing a Viral Widespread Rash · Pink, red, or purplish spots · A rash covering a large area of the body · Likely not itchy, though itchiness ... [8] Jun 17, 2024 — A viral exanthem is a rash caused by a viral infection. Many viruses can cause a similar-appearing rash, so it is difficult to tell which one is the culprit. [9] Dec 14, 2021 — An exanthem is a rash, usually of viral origin, accompanied by systemic symptoms such as fever, headache and malaise.

Additional Characteristics

  • A widespread rash that typically accompanies systemic symptoms such as fever, malaise, and headache.
  • A viral exanthem rash is an eruption of spots, bumps or blotches on your skin that accompanies a viral infection.
  • Pink, red, or purplish spots
  • A rash covering a large area of the body
  • Likely not itchy, though itchiness may occur in some cases
  • A rash caused by a viral infection. Many viruses can cause a similar-appearing rash, so it is difficult to tell which one is the culprit.
  • A rash, usually of viral origin, accompanied by systemic symptoms such as fever, headache and malaise.

Signs and Symptoms

Common Signs and Symptoms of Exanthem

Exanthem, also known as viral exanthem rash, is a widespread skin condition characterized by the appearance of spots, bumps, or blotches on the skin. The symptoms can vary in severity and may include:

  • Widespread rash: A pink-to-red macules (small, flat, smooth areas of skin) or papules (small, solid bumps) that cover large parts of the body [2][5].
  • Fever: A high temperature, often accompanied by systemic symptoms such as headache and malaise [3][8].
  • Malaise: A general feeling of being unwell or tired [3].
  • Headache: A headache can occur in conjunction with fever and malaise [3][8].
  • Redness and inflammation: The affected skin areas may appear red, swollen, and inflamed [7].

Additional Symptoms

In some cases, exanthem may be accompanied by additional symptoms such as:

  • Blistering of the rash: Blisters or fluid-filled bumps on the skin [7].
  • Pain with the rash: Pain or discomfort in the affected areas [7].
  • Signs of infection: Warmth, red streaks, pain, or other signs of infection around the affected areas [7].

It's essential to note that exanthem is a viral infection and not a bacterial one. If you suspect you have an exanthem, it's crucial to consult with a healthcare professional for proper diagnosis and treatment.

References: [1] Not applicable [2] Search result 2: "Signs & Symptoms" [3] Search result 3: "Exanthem is the medical name given to a widespread rash that is usually accompanied by systemic symptoms such as fever, malaise and headache." [5] Search result 5: "A widespread rash of pink-to-red macules (small, flat, smooth areas of skin), papules (small, solid bumps) ..." [7] Search result 7: "by S Ting · Cited by 8 — There may be febrile seizures, upper respiratory tract symptoms and lymphadenopathy. As the fever subsides, the exanthem appears, consisting of pink macules and ..."

Additional Symptoms

Diagnostic Tests

Diagnostic Tests for Exanthem

Exanthems are skin rashes that can be caused by various factors, including viral infections, allergic reactions, and autoimmune disorders. Diagnostic tests for exanthem aim to identify the underlying cause of the rash.

  • Blood tests: Blood tests may be ordered to check for signs of infection, inflammation, or immune system dysfunction. These tests can include:
    • Serology: To detect antibodies against specific viruses or bacteria [3].
    • PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction): To detect viral DNA or RNA in the blood [1].
    • ANA (Antinuclear Antibody) test: To check for autoimmune disorders, such as lupus [8].
  • Skin biopsy: A skin biopsy may be performed to examine the skin tissue under a microscope. This can help identify specific conditions, such as dermatomyositis or pemphigus [9].
  • Viral culture: Viral cultures may be taken from the rash or other bodily fluids to detect the presence of viruses [1].
  • Liver function tests: These tests may be ordered to check for liver damage or dysfunction, especially in patients with a history of liver disease [7].

It's essential to note that not all exanthems require diagnostic testing. In some cases, the diagnosis can be made based on physical examination and medical history alone.

References:

[1] - A rash evaluation may also include a blood test and/or a skin biopsy. During a blood test: [2] [3] by CL Keighley · 2015 · Cited by 78 — Diagnosis is commonly made via serology, nucleic acid tests or, rarely, viral culture. Skin biopsy is not usually required. [7] by S Ting · Cited by 8 — Consideration should be given to liver function tests and hepatitis B serology testing, especially in patients who are not immunised. [8] Dec 14, 2021 — ... tests including FBC, standard biochemistry, ANA, ENA, ANCA, complement levels (if low check cryoglobulins - can only be done in Secondary ... [9] by AM Korman · 2017 · Cited by 49 — We review viral exanthems based on clinical features and discuss the available and optimal laboratory techniques to assist the dermatologist in a targeted ...

Additional Diagnostic Tests

  • Skin biopsy
  • Liver function tests
  • Serology
  • PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction)
  • Viral culture
  • ANA (Antinuclear Antibody) test

Treatment

Treatment Options for Exanthem

Exanthem, also known as drug eruption or allergic reaction, can be treated symptomatically to alleviate discomfort and prevent complications. The treatment approach depends on the severity and type of reaction.

  • Mild reactions: Many mild reactions can be managed with over-the-counter (OTC) medications such as:
    • Calamine lotion: Soothes itchy skin and reduces inflammation [6].
    • Hydrocortisone cream: Reduces inflammation and itching [7].
    • Antihistamines: Relieves itching and reduces the severity of a drug allergy rash [14].
  • Moderate reactions: For more severe reactions, prescription medications may be necessary:
    • Corticosteroids: Can help reduce inflammation and alleviate symptoms [1][3].
    • Immunoglobulin therapy: May be prescribed to manage severe reactions [12].
  • Severe reactions: In cases of life-threatening reactions such as TEN, SJS, or DRESS, prompt medical attention is essential. Treatment may involve:
    • Hospitalization for close monitoring and supportive care.
    • Administration of antiviral drugs (for severe cases).
    • Rest, increased fluid intake, and cool baths with baking soda or Aveeno to relieve itching [9].

It's essential to note that treatment should be individualized based on the specific type of reaction, severity, and underlying health conditions. If you suspect a drug eruption, consult a healthcare professional for proper evaluation and guidance.

References: [1] - Context result 8 [3] - Context result 1 [6] - Context result 6 [7] - Context result 7 [9] - Context result 9 [12] - Context result 12 [14] - Context result 14

Recommended Medications

💊 Drug information is sourced from ChEBI (Chemical Entities of Biological Interest) database. Always consult with a healthcare professional before starting any medication. Click on any medication name for detailed information.

Differential Diagnosis

Differential Diagnosis of Exanthem

Exanthems are skin eruptions that can be caused by various factors, including viral infections, bacterial infections, and non-infectious conditions. The differential diagnosis of exanthem involves considering a range of possible causes, which can be broadly categorized into viral and non-viral etiologies.

Viral Exanthems

Several viral infections are associated with viral

Additional Differential Diagnoses

  • Viral Exanthems
  • Bacterial Infections
  • Non-infectious conditions

Additional Information

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It is not intended to be a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified healthcare provider with questions about your medical condition.