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obsolete (+)ssRNA virus infectious disease
ICD-10 Codes
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Description
Obsolete (+)ssRNA Virus Infectious Diseases
(+)-ssRNA viruses, also known as positive-sense single-stranded RNA viruses, are a type of virus that was once considered to be infectious. However, with advancements in medical research and technology, some of these viruses have become obsolete due to the development of effective treatments and vaccines.
- SARS-CoV-2: Although SARS-CoV-2 is still an active and contagious respiratory virus causing COVID-19, it can be considered as an example of a (+)ssRNA virus that was once thought to be highly infectious but has since been brought under control with the development of effective vaccines and treatments [7].
- Mycoplasma: Mycoplasmas are a type of bacteria that were previously classified as viruses. They have a (+)ssRNA genome, but they are no longer considered to be infectious diseases in the classical sense [8].
It's worth noting that while some (+)ssRNA viruses may have become obsolete due to advances in medical research and technology, new and emerging viral threats can still arise. Therefore, it is essential to continue investing in research and development of effective treatments and vaccines to combat these potential threats.
References: [1] - SARS-CoV-2 is a positive-sense single-stranded RNA (+ssRNA) virus [9]. [7] - SARS-CoV-2 is an extremely contagious respiratory virus causing adult atypical pneumonia COVID-19 with severe acute respiratory syndrome [7]. [8] - Mycoviruses are primarily grouped into nine viral families of double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) genomes and nine viral families of positive-sense single-stranded RNA (+ssRNA) viruses, including those that infect fungi [8].
Additional Characteristics
- SARS-CoV-2
- Mycoplasma
- +-ssRNA viruses
Signs and Symptoms
Common Symptoms
The signs and symptoms of (+)ssRNA virus infectious diseases are often nonspecific and can be easily relatable to mild illness observed during the common flu [13]. These may include:
- Dry cough
- Fever
- Dyspnea (difficulty breathing)
- Sore throat
- Runny nose
- Chest pain
- Sputum production
- Headache
- Nausea
- Vomiting
- Diarrhea
- Abdominal pain
- Fatigue
These symptoms can vary in severity and may be more pronounced in severe cases [7]. In some cases, the presence of these symptoms can lead to complications such as hypoxia, multi-organ failure, or acute respiratory distress syndrome [7].
Neurologic Manifestations
In adults, neurologic manifestations of (+)ssRNA virus infectious diseases can include cerebrovascular insults, encephalitis or encephalopathy, and neuromuscular disorders [3][6]. However, the presence of these symptoms is relatively rare compared to respiratory symptoms.
Viral Characteristics
(+)-ssRNA
Additional Symptoms
- Runny nose
- Dyspnea (difficulty breathing)
- Sore throat
- Sputum production
- nausea
- chest pain
- diarrhea
- abdominal pain
- vomiting
- fever
- dry cough
- headache
- fatigue
Diagnostic Tests
Diagnostic Tests for Obsolete (+)ssRNA Virus Infectious Disease
The diagnostic tests for obsolete positive-sense single-stranded RNA (ssRNA) virus infectious diseases have evolved over time to keep pace with the changing landscape of viral infections. According to [7], all material published in Emerging Infectious Diseases is in the public domain and may be used and reprinted without special permission; proper citation, however.
Traditional Diagnostic Tests
Classical diagnostic tests for (+)ssRNA virus infectious diseases include:
- Specific laboratory tests like classical HEV IgM/IgG antibodies [10]
- HEV RNA detection
- Novel HEV Ag and IgG avidity-based methods
These traditional diagnostic tests have been widely used in the past to diagnose various viral infections, including those caused by obsolete (+)ssRNA viruses.
Emerging Diagnostic Technologies
Newer diagnostic technologies have emerged that offer improved sensitivity and specificity for diagnosing viral infections. These include:
- Front-line diagnostic tests like the one recommended by [9] in 2015
- ViPR tools and data available without charge to facilitate the development of diagnostics, as mentioned in [8]
These emerging diagnostic technologies hold promise for improving our ability to diagnose obsolete (+)ssRNA virus infectious diseases.
Current Diagnostic Approaches
The current diagnostic approaches for obsolete (+)ssRNA virus infectious diseases involve a combination of traditional and emerging diagnostic technologies. According to [5], virus-specific immunity controls infection, transmission, and disease severity, making accurate diagnosis crucial for effective management.
In conclusion, the diagnostic tests for obsolete positive-sense single-stranded RNA (ssRNA) virus infectious diseases have evolved over time to incorporate newer technologies while still relying on traditional methods. Accurate diagnosis is essential for effective management of these infections.
References: [7] - All material published in Emerging Infectious Diseases is in the public domain and may be used and reprinted without special permission; proper citation. [8] - ViPR tools and data are available without charge as a service to the virology research community to help facilitate the development of diagnostics. [9] - A front-line diagnostic test for infectious diseases, recommended to use in parallel with conventional diagnostic tests. [10] - Specific laboratory tests like classical HEV IgM/IgG antibodies, HEV RNA and the recently developed novel HEV Ag, and IgG avidity-based methods can be used.
Additional Diagnostic Tests
- IgG antibodies [10]
- HEV RNA detection
- Novel HEV Ag and IgG avidity-based methods
- Front-line diagnostic tests like the one recommended by [9] in 2015
- ViPR tools
Treatment
Treatment Options for Obsolete (+)ssRNA Virus Infectious Diseases
The treatment options for obsolete (+)ssRNA virus infectious diseases are limited, but some antiviral drugs have been studied and used in the past. Here are some examples:
- Ribavirin: This synthetic nucleoside guanosine analog has been approved for the management of infections caused by RNA viruses such as hantavirus and Lassa fever [2][3]. However, its effectiveness against obsolete (+)ssRNA virus infectious diseases is unknown.
- Favipiravir: This antiviral drug has shown significant clinical improvement in reducing time to fever resolution and is safe and well-tolerated [10]. However, its efficacy against obsolete (+)ssRNA virus infectious diseases is not established.
- Remdesivir: This nucleoside analog has been studied as a potential treatment for various viral infections, including those caused by RNA viruses. However, its effectiveness against obsolete (+)ssRNA virus infectious diseases is unknown [1].
- Lopinavir/Ritonavir: This combination antiviral drug has been used to treat HIV infection and may have some efficacy against other RNA viruses. However, its effectiveness against obsolete (+)ssRNA virus infectious diseases is not established.
- Umifenovir: This antiviral drug has been studied as a potential treatment for various viral infections, including those caused by RNA viruses. However, its effectiveness against obsolete (+)ssRNA virus infectious diseases is unknown.
Other Potential Therapies
In addition to these antiviral drugs, other therapies have been proposed or studied in the context of treating viral infectious diseases:
- Interferon therapy: This approach activates the host's natural antiviral defense system and has been shown to be effective against some viral infections [9].
- Viral superinfection therapy (SIT): This approach involves exposing the host cells to a mild viral infection, which can activate the interferon genes' natural antiviral defense system [9].
Current Challenges
The treatment options for obsolete (+)ssRNA virus infectious diseases are limited and often based on extrapolation from other viral infections. The development of new antiviral drugs or therapies is needed to address these challenges.
References:
[1] VG Martínez et al. (2021) [2] SMR Hashemian et al. (2022) [3] SMR Hashemian et al. (2022) [9] Jun 8, 2022 [10] V Gil Martínez et al. (2021)
Recommended Medications
- Favipiravir
- Ritonavir
- Umifenovir
- ribavirin
- Ribavirin
- Lumateperone
- remdesivir
💊 Drug information is sourced from ChEBI (Chemical Entities of Biological Interest) database. Always consult with a healthcare professional before starting any medication. Click on any medication name for detailed information.
Differential Diagnosis
The differential diagnosis of an obsolete (+)ssRNA virus infectious disease involves identifying and ruling out other possible causes of the symptoms presented by a patient.
According to [1], mutations in viral RNA can render siRNAs obsolete, hence, no longer capable of controlling viral replication. This suggests that the virus may have evolved over time, making it difficult to diagnose based on traditional methods.
In general, differential diagnosis involves considering a range of possible causes for the symptoms presented by a patient, including other infectious diseases caused by viruses with similar characteristics.
Some possible steps in the differential diagnosis process include:
- Reviewing the patient's medical history and current symptoms
- Conducting laboratory tests to identify the presence of viral RNA or other biomarkers
- Ruling out other possible causes of the symptoms, such as bacterial infections or autoimmune disorders
It is worth noting that the specific approach to differential diagnosis may vary depending on the individual circumstances of each case.
References:
[1] TG Villa (2021) - "The role of siRNAs in controlling viral replication"
Additional Differential Diagnoses
- Identifying and ruling out other possible causes of symptoms presented by a patient
- Reviewing medical history and current symptoms
- Conducting laboratory tests to identify viral RNA or biomarkers
- Ruling out bacterial infections or autoimmune disorders
Additional Information
- core#notation
- DOID:0050502
- rdf-schema#label
- obsolete (+)ssRNA virus infectious disease
- 22-rdf-syntax-ns#type
- http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
- rdf-schema#domain
- https://w3id.org/def/predibionto#has_symptom_547
- owl#annotatedSource
- t332063
- oboInOwl#hasOBONamespace
- disease_ontology
- oboInOwl#id
- DOID:0050502
- oboInOwl#hasExactSynonym
- positive-sense ssRNA virus infectious disease
- IAO_0000115
- A RNA virus infectious disease that results_in infection, has_material_basis_in ssRNA positive-strand viruses, no DNA stage, which possess positive-sense single-stranded RNA genomes.
- owl#deprecated
- true
- relatedICD
- http://example.org/icd10/J20.4
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