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villous adenoma

ICD-10 Codes

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Description

Villous Adenoma Description

A villous adenoma, also known as an adenomatous polyp, is a type of benign tumor that grows in the glandular tissue of the colon and other parts of the gastrointestinal tract [1]. It is characterized by its soft, sessile growth without a pedicle, distinguishing it from the compact, spheroid, pedunculated mass of an adenomatous polyp [5].

Key Features

  • Soft, sessile tumor without a pedicle
  • Grows in the glandular tissue of the colon and other parts of the gastrointestinal tract
  • Typically occurs in older patients in both genders
  • Can occur in both the bladder propria and urachus
  • Most commonly seen in the rectosigmoid colon, followed by the cecum and then the ascending colon [9]

Risk of Malignancy

It's worth noting that villous adenomas have a higher risk of malignancy, especially when greater than 2 cm in size, with a risk of up to 50% [3]. Large size, villous content, and distal location are all associated with severe dysplasia in colorectal adenomas.

References

[1] January 29, 2023 - Adenoma refers broadly to any benign tumor of glandular tissue. [5] The benign epithelial tumors of the colonic mucosa have been divided into two categories, the villous adenoma and the adenomatous polyp. [9] Villous adenoma is an adenomatous polyp that has villous elements.

Additional Characteristics

  • A villous adenoma, also known as an adenomatous polyp, is a type of benign tumor
  • that grows in the glandular tissue of the colon and other parts of the gastrointestinal tract
  • Soft, sessile tumor without a pedicle
  • Grows in the glandular tissue of the colon and other parts of the gastrointestinal tract
  • Typically occurs in older patients in both genders
  • Can occur in both the bladder propria and urachus
  • Most commonly seen in the rectosigmoid colon, followed by the cecum and then the ascending colon
  • It's worth noting that villous adenomas have a higher risk of malignancy, especially when greater than 2 cm in size, with a risk of up to 50%
  • Large size, villous content, and distal location are all associated with severe dysplasia in colorectal adenomas

Signs and Symptoms

Common Signs and Symptoms of Villous Adenoma

Villous adenomas are a type of polyp that can grow in the colon or rectum, and they can cause various symptoms depending on their size and location. Here are some common signs and symptoms associated with villous adenoma:

  • Rectal bleeding: This is one of the most common symptoms of villous adenoma, especially if the polyp is large (>1 cm) [1].
  • Abdominal pain: Some people may experience abdominal pain or discomfort due to the presence of a villous adenoma [2].
  • Blood and mucus in stool: Villous adenomas can cause blood and mucus to appear in the stool, which can be a sign of an invasive tumor [5].
  • Secretory diarrhea: In some cases, villous adenomas can cause secretory diarrhea characterized by hypokalemia (low potassium levels), chloride-rich stool, and metabolic alkalosis [8].

It's worth noting that not everyone with a villous adenoma will experience symptoms. Some people may have no symptoms at all, especially if the polyp is small or located in a less symptomatic area.

References:

[1] Context result 1 [2] Context result 2 [5] Context result 5 [8] Context result 8

Additional Symptoms

Diagnostic Tests

Villous adenomas can be diagnosed through various diagnostic tests, which are essential for identifying and confirming the presence of this type of polyp in the colon.

  • Colonoscopy: This is a common diagnostic test used to visualize the inside of the colon and rectum. During a colonoscopy, a flexible tube with a camera and light on the end (colonoscope) is inserted through the anus to examine the lining of the colon. If a villous adenoma is detected, a biopsy can be taken for further examination.
  • Barium enema: This test involves inserting a liquid containing barium into the rectum, which coats the inside of the colon and makes it visible on X-rays. The barium helps to outline any abnormalities in the colon lining, including villous adenomas.
  • Sigmoidoscopy: Similar to colonoscopy, sigmoidoscopy is used to examine the lower part of the colon (sigmoid) and rectum using a flexible tube with a camera and light on the end.
  • Stool test for hidden blood: This test checks for blood in the stool that may not be visible to the naked eye. Villous adenomas can cause bleeding, which can be detected through this test.
  • Virtual colonoscopy: Also known as computed tomographic (CT) colonography, this is a non-invasive test that uses X-rays and computer technology to create detailed images of the inside of the colon.

These diagnostic tests are essential for identifying villous adenomas and determining their size, location, and potential impact on surrounding tissues. Early detection through these tests can lead to timely treatment and improved patient outcomes [7][8].

Additional Diagnostic Tests

  • Colonoscopy
  • Barium enema
  • Sigmoidoscopy
  • Stool test for hidden blood
  • Virtual colonoscopy

Treatment

Treatment Options for Villous Adenoma

Villous adenomas are benign tumors that can occur in the rectum or other parts of the gastrointestinal tract. While they are typically not cancerous, they can sometimes become malignant over time. The treatment options for villous adenoma depend on various factors, including the size and location of the tumor, as well as the patient's overall health.

Surgical Removal

The mainstay of treatment for villous adenoma is surgical removal of the tumor. This can be done through an endoscopic procedure or by removing a portion of the rectum. According to [3], appropriate treatment consists of complete excision, either endoscopically or by removal of the entire rectum, and pathologic analysis of the specimen.

Endoscopic Removal

Endoscopic removal is a minimally invasive procedure that can be used to remove small villous adenomas. This approach involves using a flexible tube with a camera and light on the end (endoscope) to visualize the tumor and then removing it using specialized instruments.

Surgical Resection

In some cases, surgical resection may be necessary to remove larger or more complex tumors. This procedure involves making an incision in the abdomen to access the rectum and remove the tumor.

Medical Therapy

There is no medical therapy for villous adenoma, and surgical removal of the adenoma is the mainstay of treatment [6]. However, some studies have suggested that non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) may help reduce the risk of colorectal cancer and adenomatous polyps.

Recurrence Risk

It's worth noting that villous adenomas can sometimes recur after surgical removal. According to [1], recurrence is common and may be malignant, making regular follow-up appointments with a healthcare provider essential for monitoring for any signs of recurrence.

References:

[1] Sep 21, 2022 — If benign, duodenal villous adenomas can be treated by local transduodenal resection, although recurrence is common and may be malignant. [3] by SD Cho · 2008 · Cited by 17 — Appropriate treatment consists of complete excision, either endoscopically or by removal of the entire rectum, and pathologic analysis of the ... [6] May 22, 2019 — There is no medical therapy for villous adenoma. Surgical removal of the adenoma is the mainstay of treatment. However, aspirin 75mg PO per day ...

Recommended Medications

  • Surgical Removal
  • Surgical Resection
  • Endoscopic Removal

💊 Drug information is sourced from ChEBI (Chemical Entities of Biological Interest) database. Always consult with a healthcare professional before starting any medication. Click on any medication name for detailed information.

Differential Diagnosis

Differential Diagnosis of Villous Adenoma

Villous adenoma, also known as villous tumor, is a type of polyp that can occur in the colon or rectum. The differential diagnosis for villous adenoma includes several conditions that may present with similar symptoms and characteristics.

  • **Adenoc

Additional Differential Diagnoses

Additional Information

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