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follicular lymphoma

ICD-10 Codes

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Description

Follicular lymphoma is a type of slow-growing (low-grade) non-Hodgkin lymphoma that develops from B cells. It is characterized by the abnormal growth of white blood cells within the lymph nodes, leading to the formation of tumors [9]. Under a microscope, follicular lymphoma looks like a can of worms [8].

Follicular lymphoma typically arises from B-lymphocytes, making it a B-cell lymphoma. It is generally an indolent B-cell lymphoproliferative disorder graded from 1 to 3 (low- to high-grade manifestations) based on histology [4]. The vast majority of cases (70-95%) express the BCL-2 rearrangement [t(14;18)], and histological grade correlates with prognosis. Grades 1 and 2 follicular lymphomas are indolent, while grade 3 is more aggressive [11].

Follicular lymphoma is a common type of slow-growing (low-grade) NHL that develops when white blood cells called lymphocytes grow out of control [3]. It is the most commonly diagnosed slow-growing lymphoma and affects white blood cells called lymphocytes, which help your body fight infections [5].

In summary, follicular lymphoma is a slow-growing cancer that originates from B cells in the lymph nodes, characterized by abnormal growth of white blood cells.

Additional Characteristics

  • slow-growing (low-grade) non-Hodgkin lymphoma
  • develops from B cells
  • characterized by the abnormal growth of white blood cells within the lymph nodes
  • typically arises from B-lymphocytes, making it a B-cell lymphoma
  • indolent B-cell lymphoproliferative disorder graded from 1 to 3 (low- to high-grade manifestations)
  • expresses the BCL-2 rearrangement [t(14;18)]
  • affects white blood cells called lymphocytes, which help your body fight infections

Signs and Symptoms

Based on my analysis, I found some relevant information about signs and symptoms of follicular lymphoma.

Follicular lymphoma is a type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma that can cause various symptoms, depending on the stage and location of the disease. Some common signs and symptoms include:

  • Painless swelling in the lymph nodes: This is often the first symptom of follicular lymphoma, and it can occur in the neck, armpits, or groin [1].
  • Weight loss: As the disease progresses, weight loss can occur due to a decrease in appetite or an increase in metabolism [2].
  • Fatigue: Follicular lymphoma can cause fatigue, which is often described as feeling tired or weak even after resting [3].
  • Night sweats: Some people with follicular lymphoma may experience night sweats, which are episodes of excessive sweating at night [4].
  • Itching: Itching can occur due to the buildup of lymphoma cells in the skin [5].

It's essential to note that these symptoms can also be caused by other conditions, and a diagnosis of follicular lymphoma should only be made by a qualified healthcare professional.

References:

[1] - According to search result 3: "Follicular lymphoma is often diagnosed after a painless swelling in the lymph nodes has been noticed."

[2] - As per search result 4: "Weight loss can occur due to a decrease in appetite or an increase in metabolism as the disease progresses."

[3] - Search result 5 mentions that fatigue is a common symptom of follicular lymphoma.

[4] - Night sweats are mentioned in search result 6 as one of the symptoms of follicular lymphoma.

[5] - Itching can occur due to the buildup of lymphoma cells in the skin, according to search result 7.

Additional Symptoms

Diagnostic Tests

Diagnostic Tests for Follicular Lymphoma

Follicular lymphoma, a type of slow-growing cancer that affects the lymph nodes and other organs, requires a combination of diagnostic tests to confirm its presence and extent. Here are some of the key diagnostic tests used:

  • Lymph Node Biopsy: A biopsy involves removing all or part of an enlarged lymph node to examine its cells under a microscope [9]. This is considered the most definitive test for diagnosing follicular lymphoma.
  • Immunohistochemical and Morphological Examination: Histopathological examination, including immunohistochemical and morphological examination, is used to confirm the diagnosis of FL [3].
  • Blood Tests: Blood tests such as a complete blood count (CBC) and blood chemistry tests can help identify any abnormalities in the blood cells or chemistry that may indicate lymphoma [7]. A lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) test may also be performed if lymphoma has been diagnosed.
  • Bone Marrow Biopsy: A bone marrow biopsy is used to assess how far the disease has spread, and can help determine the stage of follicular lymphoma [6].
  • CT Scanning: CT scanning of the neck, thorax, and abdomen is also performed to assess how far the disease has spread [6].

These diagnostic tests are essential in confirming the diagnosis of follicular lymphoma and determining its extent. A combination of these tests will provide a comprehensive picture of the disease.

References: [1] - Not applicable [2] - Not applicable [3] Context #3 [4] Context #4 [5] - Not applicable [6] Context #6 [7] Context #7 [8] Context #8 [9] Context #9

Additional Diagnostic Tests

  • Blood Tests
  • Bone Marrow Biopsy
  • Lymph Node Biopsy
  • Immunohistochemical and Morphological Examination
  • CT Scanning

Treatment

Treatment Options for Follicular Lymphoma

Follicular lymphoma, a type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma, can be effectively treated with various medications and therapies. The treatment approach depends on the severity of symptoms and the rate of cancer growth.

  • Active Surveillance: For patients showing no or very few symptoms, physicians may recommend not treating the disease right away, an approach referred to as active surveillance ("watch and wait").
  • Combination Chemotherapy: A common treatment for follicular lymphoma involves combining chemotherapy drugs with a steroid or monoclonal antibody to kill or slow down cancer cell growth.
  • Immunotherapy: The most common immunotherapy drug used to treat follicular lymphoma is rituximab, which can be used as a standalone treatment or in combination with other medications.

Medications Used in Treatment

Some of the medications used in treating follicular lymphoma include:

  • Rituximab: A monoclonal antibody that targets the CD20 protein on cancer cells.
  • Obinutuzumab: A related drug to rituximab, also targeting the CD20 protein.
  • Lenalidomide: An immunomodulatory medication used in combination with rituximab for treating adult patients with follicular lymphoma.

Emerging Treatment Options

Researchers are studying new antibodies and other medications that may be effective in treating follicular lymphoma. These emerging treatment options include:

  • New Antibodies: Investigational antibodies targeting specific proteins on cancer cells.
  • Pi3k Inhibitors: Medications that inhibit the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, which is involved in cancer cell growth and survival.

References

  1. [2] Combination chemotherapy, or “chemo,” is a common treatment for follicular lymphoma.
  2. [5] The most common immunotherapy drug used to treat follicular lymphoma is rituximab.
  3. [9] Lenalidomide (REVLIMID) was approved in combination with rituximab for treating adult patients with follicular lymphoma.
  4. [13] When symptoms develop, the standard treatment has been to combine chemotherapy with an antibody drug targeting the CD20 protein on cancer cells.

Note: The numbers in square brackets refer to the corresponding search result number from the provided context.

Recommended Medications

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Differential Diagnosis

Differential Diagnosis of Follicular Lymphoma

Follicular lymphoma (FL) is a type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma that can be challenging to diagnose due to its similarity with other types of lymphomas. The differential diagnosis for FL includes several conditions that need to be ruled out before making an accurate diagnosis.

Conditions to Consider:

  • Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia/Small Lymphocytic Lymphoma (CLL/SLL): This is a type of cancer that affects the blood and bone marrow, characterized by an abnormal increase in small lymphocytes. CLL/SLL can present with similar symptoms to FL, such as fatigue, weight loss, and enlarged lymph nodes.
  • Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphoma (DLBCL): This is a fast-growing type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma that can be aggressive and require immediate treatment. DLBCL can mimic the presentation of FL, making it essential to differentiate between the two conditions.
  • Mantle Cell Lymphoma: This is a rare type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma that affects the mantle zone of the lymph node. Mantle cell lymphoma can present with similar symptoms to FL, such as enlarged lymph nodes and fatigue.
  • Reactive Follicular Hyperplasia: This is a benign condition characterized by an increase in follicles in the lymph node, which can mimic the presentation of FL.

Key Diagnostic Features:

To differentiate FL from these conditions, several key diagnostic features need to be considered:

  • Histological examination: A biopsy of the affected lymph node is essential to rule out other types of lymphomas.
  • Immunohistochemical staining: This test helps to identify specific proteins on the surface of cancer cells, which can aid in diagnosis.
  • Molecular genetic analysis: This test can help to identify specific genetic mutations associated with FL.

Conclusion

In conclusion, differential diagnosis is a crucial step in diagnosing follicular lymphoma. By considering the conditions listed above and using key diagnostic features, healthcare professionals can accurately diagnose FL and develop an effective treatment plan.

References:

  • [1] Follicular lymphoma (FL) is differentiated from other types of lymphomas based on nodular pattern, absence of tangible body macrophages, monoclonal cells ... (Source: Search result 1)
  • [3] The differential diagnosis of follicular lymphomas includes Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia/Small Lymphocytic Lymphoma, Diffuse Large Cell Lymphoma, and Mantle Cell Lymphoma. (Source: Search result 3)
  • [7] Differential diagnoses include chronic lymphocytic B cell leukemia, diffuse large B cell lymphoma, mantle cell lymphoma and MALT lymphoma. (Source: Search result 7)

Additional Information

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